Three young women who developed premature ovarian insufficiency following quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination presented to a general practitioner in rural New South Wales, Australia. The unrelated girls were aged 16, 16, and 18 years at diagnosis. Each had received HPV vaccinations prior to the onset of ovarian decline. Vaccinations had been administered in different regions of ...

Primary ovarian insufficiency describes a spectrum of declining ovarian function and reduced fecundity due to a premature decrease in initial follicle number, an increase in follicle destruction, or poor follicular response to gonadotropins. The sequelae of primary ovarian insufficiency include vasomotor symptoms, urogenital atrophy, osteoporosis and fracture, cardiovascular disease, and increa...

When we use the term “premature menopause” or climacterium praecox, we mean cessation of the normal cyclic ovarian function prior to the age of 40. Some authors have defined the limit at an even earlier age, namely 35 and in some cases even 30 [1]. Especially in young women, speaking of a prema­ ture menopause often causes problems for psychological reasons. The thought of being menopausal at s...