Definition 1.1. If S is a multiplicative subset of a ring A (commutative with 1), the quotient hyperring A/mS = (A/mS,+, ·,−, 0, 1) is defined as follows: A/mS is the set of equivalence classes with respect to the equivalence relation ∼ on A defined by a ∼ b iff as = bt for some s, t ∈ S. The operations on A/mS are the obvious ones induced by the corresponding operations on A: Denote by a the e...

In this article, we analyze the concept of sovereignty embodied in four most-cited authors first generation International Relations (IR) Brazil, namely: Amado Cervo, Hélio Jaguaribe, José Flávio Sombra Saraiva and Maria Regina Soares de Lima. We evaluate from perspective Brazilian mentioned contrapuntal to view works American author Stephen Krasner. This study is developed dialogue with Global ...

We study the notions of positive cone, characteristic and C-characteristic in (Krasner) hyperfields. demonstrate how these interact order to produce interesting results theory For instance, we provide a criterion for deciding whether certain hyperfields cannot be obtained via Krasner’s quotient construction. prove that any integer (larger than 1) can realized as some infinite hyperfield an anal...

let r be a g-graded ring and m be a g-graded r-module. in this article, we introduce the concept of graded weakly classical prime submodules and give some properties of such submodules.

‎‎Let $R$ be a multiplicative hyperring‎. In this paper‎, ‎we introduce and study the concept of n-absorbing hyperideal which is a generalization‎ ‎of prime hyperideal‎. ‎A proper hyperideal $I$ of $R$ is called an $n$-absorbing hyperideal of ‎$‎R‎$‎ if whenever $alpha_1o...oalpha_{n+1} subseteq I$ for $alpha_1,...,alpha_{n+1} in R$‎, ‎then there are $n$ of the $alpha_i^,$s whose product ...

This article questions· ~hether it is useful to think of problem behavior as caused, and whether causal information about problem behavior is a necessary prerequisite to changing it. Psychoanalytic, behavioral, systemic, and solutionRfocused approaches to the issue are discussed briefly. Taking the perspective that the cause or causes of a particular client's problem behavior cmmot be known, it...