This essay analyzes the causes of civil wars in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) by testing several hypotheses at the national, regional, and systemic levels. Particular emphasis is given to the current debate over the prevalence of the grievance and greed approaches in spurring civil wars. The analysis employs either robust probit or instrumental variable probit to deal with endogeneity ...

This paper uses documentary records of the bromine cartel from 1885 to 1914 to evaluate the contributions of noncooperative, repeated game models of collusion to our understanding of the determinants of cartel success and the causes of price wars. It finds that many of the variables that determine an industry’s ability to collude in these models—the discount rate, the information structure, the...

Other psychologists, for example E. Durbin and John Bowlby, believe that aggression is characteristic of man by nature. It gives rise to sublimation projection when a person turns their dissatisfaction into prejudice hatred other races, religions, nations or ideologies