Near the critical layer, a large-amplitude laser beam creates a transverse plasma channel due to the ponderomotive force. The axis of the channel is normal to the ambient density gradient. Inside the channel, the laser beam decays into counterpropagating ion acoustic and Langmuir waves. A nonlocal theory of the process is developed for a parabolic density profile. The growth rate of the instabi...

Abstract Assessment of water surface profile in compound channels is essential for flood defence systems. Agriculture and development activities floodplains affect the floodplain shape over length, leading a converging channel. Few laboratory investigations proved overbank flow floodplains. Therefore, innovative precise approaches are still great demand. In this paper, new approach has been pro...