Attitude certainty has been the subject of considerable attention in the attitudes and persuasion literature. The present research identifies 2 aspects of attitude certainty and provides evidence for the distinctness of the constructs. Specifically, it is proposed that attitude certainty can be conceptualized, and empirically separated, in terms of attitude clarity (the subjective sense that on...

INTRODUCTION Despite progress in implementing smoke-free laws in indoor public places and workplaces, millions of Americans remain exposed to secondhand smoke at home. The nation's 80 million multiunit housing residents, including the nearly 7 million who live in subsidized or public housing, are especially susceptible to secondhand smoke infiltration between units. METHODS We calculated nati...

The current ethical-legal consensus - prohibiting assisted suicide and euthanasia, but (1) allowing patients to forgo all life-saving treatment, and (2) permitting pain relief that increases the risk of death - is a means of having it both ways. This is how we often make "tragic choices."

A fragment of linear time temporal logic (LTL) is presented. It is proved that the satisfiability problem for this fragment is NPcomplete. The fragment is larger than previously known NP-complete fragments. It is obtained by prohibiting the use of until operator and requiring to use only next operators indexed by a letter.

After surgery in the upper abdomen is performed, conditions may develop prohibiting transabdominal repair of gastroesophageal reflux. The transthoracal hiatoplasty after L. Braun does not in all cases eliminate the reflux; it cures, however, the ulcers as well as the esophagitis.

This Article examines the right of doctors to object, because of conflicts with the doctor’s own morals, to treatment requested or refused by patients. Focusing mainly on end-of-life care, the author compares court opinions allowing or prohibiting doctors to withhold or withdraw lifesustaining treatment at the request of patients or their surrogates.

OBJECTIVE There is no safe level of exposure to tobacco smoke. Thirdhand smoke is residual tobacco smoke contamination that remains after the cigarette is extinguished. Children are uniquely susceptible to thirdhand smoke exposure. The objective of this study was to assess health beliefs of adults regarding thirdhand smoke exposure of children and whether smokers and nonsmokers differ in those ...