In this article a novel characterization of Bose-Einstein condensates is proposed. Instead relying on occupation numbers few dominant modes, which become macroscopic in the limit infinite particle numbers, it focuses regular excitations whose stay bounded limit. manner, subspaces global, respectively local wave functions are identified. Their orthogonal complements determine particles forming p...

Proper access to medical care requires having a sufficient number of doctors, with proper mix generalists and specialists, geographic distribution serve the population in whole country.

We investigate the transverse velocity distribution of young (< 3 Myr) radio pulsars, using pulsar population synthesis techniques. We find that, after taking into account errors in proper motion measurements, an initial velocity distribution that has many more pulsars at low velocities than the distribution proposed by Lyne & Lorimer (1994) can produce a transverse velocity distribution that d...

We analyze 9 open clusters with ages in the range 70Myr to 3.2Gyr using UCAC2 proper motion data and 2MASS photometry, which allows us to reach stellar masses down to ≈ 0.7M⊙. We employ in this work an approach in which the background proper motion contribution is statistically subtracted in order to obtain the cluster’s intrinsic proper motion distribution. For each cluster we consider the pro...

The assignment of probabilities to the productions of a context-free grammar may generate an improper distribution: the probability of all finite parse trees is less than one. The condition for proper assignment is rather subtle. Production probabilities can be estimated from parsed or unparsed sentences, and the question arises as to whether or not an estimated system is automatically proper. ...

The assignment of probabilities to the productions of a context-free grammar may generate an improper distribution: the probability of all finite parse trees is less than one. The condition for proper assignment is rather subtle. Production probabilities can be estimated from parsed or unparsed sentences, and the question arises as to whether or not an estimated system is automatically proper. ...