Industrially relevant single-site precatalysts used to produce isotactic polypropylene (iPP) include C2-symmetric {SBI} and C1-symmetric {Cp/Flu} complexes of group 4 metals. While the latter can iPPs with a higher degree isotacticity, they also suffer from poor productivity compared their counterparts. Several causes for this trend have been suggested—2,1-Regioinsertions are frequently pointed...

An extended dynamic model is presented for a polyesterification reaction in a semi-batch wise operated vessel connected to a distillation column. The developed model describes the effect of polymerization on reactants. The model also contains kinetics describing the change of rate order during the reaction. To improve the predictive capabilities, the model has been extended with advanced thermo...

the stereospecific polymerization of conjugated dienes began in 1954 with the first catalysts obtained by combining ticl4 or ticl3 with aluminum-alkyls, i.e. the catalytic systems previously employed for ethylene and propylene polymerizations. subsequently, many other catalytic systems were obtained and examined by a combination of transition metal or lanthanide compounds with appropriate alkyl...

The use of argon laser (488 nm) has been suggested as a new alternative for polymerizing adhesive materials. This study aimed to evaluate the tensile bond strength of a microfilled composite (A110, 3M) inserted by incremental technique (3 increments of 1 mm) and by single increment (3 mm) polymerized by argon laser for 10, 20 and 30 seconds and halogen light for 40 seconds. Eighty (8 groups of ...