This paper is a brief survey of IEEE 802.11i based WPA2 or Wi-Fi protected Mode protocol popularly called as Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Mode Protocol. In this paper we tried our best to include all possible information about WPA from trusted sources in a very precise manner. Apart from the above the paper also explores wireless networking standards in brief so that one can become familiar wit...

This work describes the architecture of a system developed to introduce computer management into the cultivation process in low-tech greenhouses. The proposed system is implemented as a web-based application using open source technologies and subsystems comprised of modules that provide: (1) static information about the cultivation process and marketing of the supported crops or ornamentals, (2...

This paper describes a system developed to introduce computer management into the cultivation process in low-tech greenhouses. The proposed system is implemented as a web-based application using open source technologies and subsystems comprised of modules that provide: (1) static information about the cultivation process and marketing of the supported crops, (2) simulation and forecast models o...

Vegetable crops hold a key position in agricultural production worldwide, and the Asian regions such as East, Southeast and South are among the top regions for their exports and imports. However, many pests and diseases threaten the profitability of this agricultural sector, and improving the productivity and quality of vegetables can enhance food security, employment and trade opportunities. F...

Predicting outcomes of transgene flow from arable crops requires a system perspective that considers ecological and evolutionary processes within a landscape context. In Europe, the arable weed Raphanus raphanistrum is a potential hybridization partner of oilseed rape, and the two species are ecologically linked through the common herbivores Meligethes spp. Observations in Switzerland show that...

Berry crops are increasingly produced in high tunnels, which provide growers with the opportunity to extend their production season. This is particularly beneficial for the northern region of the United States with short and unpredictable growing seasons and where rainfall limits fruit quality. However, little is known about the effect of high tunnels on the community of pests, natural enemies,...

Preliminary information on the effectiveness of trimethacarb as a bird repellent on broadcast seed and ripening crops was obtained during 1982 and 1983 from studies in Haiti, India, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Mali, and the United States. R50 and LD50 determinations for nine pest bird species to cereal crops in these countries indicated birds were not as sensitive to trimethacarb as to the avi...

One of the effective steps in use of water resources is accurate estimation of plants water requirement. Lack of accurate estimation of this amount leads to water loss and failure to achieve optimum yield, reduced potential of production, soil resources degradation by too much irrigation or lack of enough leaching and salinization of soils by irrigation less than necessary level, which would ul...

Over the last 20 years, there has been much research aimed at improving environmental risk assessment of transgenic crops. Despite large amounts of data, decisions to allow or prohibit the release of transgenic crops remain confused and controversial. We argue that part of the reason for confusion is the lack of clear definitions of components of the environment that should be protected, and, a...

Expansion of cropland in tropical countries is one of the principal causes of biodiversity loss, and threatens to undermine progress towards meeting the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. To understand this threat better, we analysed data on crop distribution and expansion in 128 tropical countries, assessed changes in area of the main crops and mapped overlaps between conservation priorities and cult...