This article describes the nature of bioinformatics and how the various components of bioinformatics relate to intellectual property law. The article begins by "decomposing" bioinformatics into three categories: (A) biological sequences such as DNA, RNA, and protein sequences; (B) databases in which these sequences are organized; and (C) software and hardware designed to access, organize, and a...

Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property (IP) rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect IP. We investigate the impact of modularity on IP protection by formally modeling the threat of expropriation by agents. The principal has three options to a...

This chapter presents the first attempt at analyzing the relationship between strategies to protect intellectual property rights and their impact on the likelihood of joining formal standardization processes, based on a small sample of European companies. On the one hand, theory suggests that the stronger the protection of one’s own technological know-how, the higher the likelihood to join form...

Policymakers in both the developed and less developed worlds have increasingly considered intellectual property protection as a major means to attract foreign direct investment (Yu, 2007, pp. 892–901). However, stronger intellectual property protection is not always needed to attract such investment. In the case of China, foreign investors were not attracted by the strong intellectual property ...

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in startups. This enables the rapid development of technology and technological innovation. Many inventors innovators create intellectual property that is not always adequately protected. When observing life cycles startups, it can be noticed large number these startups become inactive within first three years operation. The aim this article to a...