The historical development and theories explaining the Verwey transition in Magnetite are discussed. An overview of current experimental work is included. Also examined are multiple charge ordering theories and more sophisticated considerations of Jahn-Teller effects which attempt to explain this long-standing problem in strongly-correlated electron systems.

A new lithium vanadium fluoride Li2VF6 was prepared by reacting lithium fluoride LiF with vanadium tetrafluoride VF4 in a monel capsule at 500 ◦C. The crystal structure has been determined by means of powder X-ray diffraction. Trirutile-type dilithium hexafluorovanadate(IV) crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P42/mnm with lattice parameters a = 459.99(1), b = 459.99(1), c = 896.64(2) pm....

Relations between the total fl+ Gamow-Teller (GT+) strength and the E2 strength are further examined. It is found that in shell-model calculations for N = Z nuclei, in which changes in deformation are induced by varying the single-particle energies, the total GT+ or GT_ strength decreases monotonically with increasing values of the B (E2) from the ground state to the first excited jn = 2 + stat...

The dynamical Jahn-Teller effect on fullerene sites in insulating Cs(3)C(60) is investigated fully ab initio. The vibronic excitations of rotational type are at ≥ 65 cm(-1), while the net kinetic contribution to the Jahn-Teller stabilization energy constitutes approximately 90 meV. This means that no localization of distortions by intermolecular interactions is possible in these fullerides; the...

Infrared spectra of a K4C60 single-phase thin film have been measured between room temperature and 20 K. At low temperatures, the two high-frequency T1u modes appear as triplets, indicating a static D2h crystal-field stabilized Jahn-Teller distortion of the C60 42 anions. The T1u(4) mode changes into a known doublet above 250 K, a pattern which could have three origins: a dynamic Jahn-Teller ef...

The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an alternative adsorbent for phenol removal from aqueous solution .The Saccharomyces cerevisiae was characterised by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) and Fourier transform (FT-IR). Adsorption properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae towards phenol were systematically investigated, including pH effect, adsorbent dos...