OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to diagnosis oral lesions related to HIV infection in individuals followed in the General Hospital of the School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. The presence of oral lesions was correlated with gender, age, smoking habit, levels of CD4 lymphocytes, HIV load, time of HIV seropositivity, AIDS condition, use of removable dental p...

Development of nonantibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis has been reported in patients receiving chemotherapy. Herein, we report a case of a 70-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and hypertension who received concurrent chemoradiation therapy after surgery for stage III pT3N1M0 rectal cancer. After completion of the therapy, the patient presented with a 2-week history of intermittent w...

The anaerobic bacterium Clostridium difficile is the etiologic agent of pseudomembranous colitis. C. difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB are UDP-glucosyltransferases that monoglucosylate and thereby inactivate the Rho family of GTPases (W. P. Ciesla, Jr., and D. A. Bobak, J. Biol. Chem. 273:16021-16026, 1998). We utilized purified reference toxins of C. difficile, TcdA-10463 (TcdA) and TcdB-10463 (T...

AB. Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis due to should be used with caution in view of possible risk of toxin-producing clostridia. Where C. difficile infection persists despite conven-Walsh J. Clostridium difficile colitis associated with chronic renal tional treatment, there are limited data to identify the best treatment. Saccharomyces boulardii (yeast) is a difficile and the etiol...

Clostridium difficile, a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus dubbed as the difficult clostridium because it resisted early attempts of isolation and culture. After some decades in the darkness, it became famous, when in 1978, a cytotoxin of the C. difficile was found the responsible of the pseudomembranous colitis. We review in this paper aspects of the epidemiology of the C. difficile in health a...