this paper focus on the impact on the performance of health workers at village and township levels in the provision of a government stipulated package of basic public health service, which adopted the performance-related contracts mode.the concept of balanced scorecard was adopted and developed to gather the 11 evaluation indicators distributed in four quadrants. these were implemented using on...

the ministry of health and medical education of iran, along with the country movement towards achievements of iran's vision 2025 put compilation of the health system reform plan on its agenda. in this article, we are trying to show the method we used for developing this plan and how this method considered the general condition of the country along with maintaining the standards of scientific an...

it is widely accepted in many parts of the world thatcommunity nurses are of vital importance in various phases of disaster response and management. in china, however, it is not clear whether the chinese community nurses are able to assume disaster-related duties due to the lack of a systematic assessment.a pre-designed and well-tested questionnaire was employed to evaluate the competency in di...

results the five determinants of cost, inconvenience, fear, organization, and patient-dentist relationship were determined as barriers to access to dental services among which the cost and patient-dentist relationship were identified as the first and last priorities with the coordinates (1.4 and 1.4) and (1.25 and -0.65), respectively. conclusions high cost of dental care has led to not referri...

background and purpose: surveillance is a system of continuing health checks, is considered as a critical part of public health practice for planning and implantation of effective prevention and control interventions for communicable diseases in the region. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of an active method of data collection on the improvement of these diseases surveillance...

AIM To provide an overview on the nature and importance of public health approaches to the global expansion of commercial gambling. METHOD Three key areas of public health activity are examined: harm minimization, health promotion and the political determinants for change. FINDINGS The rapid proliferation of gambling experienced in many countries is driven by the commercial development of n...

PROBLEM Emergencies resulting from disease outbreaks and extreme environmental events present significant challenges for health services. CONTEXT Preparing to effectively manage emergencies is a core activity in public health units. Field exercises support consolidation of biopreparedness by testing plans, identifying weaknesses, providing training opportunities and developing surge capacity....

The occurrence of U-shaped dose-response relationships (often termed hormesis) has been documented in numerous biological, toxicological, and pharmacological investigations. Many of the endpoints studied are of considerable significance to public health (e.g. body weight, cholesterol levels, ethanol consumption, longevity, cancer incidence, etc). Despite the fact that U-shaped dose-responses ar...