Accurate measurement of digital blood flow by plethysmography requires considerable attention to technical detail. Determination of digital pulse volume, on the other hand, is less difficult, and there are many sensing and recording devices available for this.1-5 In order to use pulse volume measurement as a routine laboratory procedure in the differential diagnosis of digital ischemia, however...

The response of a bulk dielectric to an intense few-cycle laser pulse is not solely determined by the pulse envelope, but also by ultrafast processes occurring during each optical cycle. Here, a method is presented for measuring the retardation of a probe pulse in a strong-field pumped, bulk dielectric with subcycle resolution in the pump-probe delay. Comparisons to model calculations show that...

A noninvasive pulse-tracking technique has been exploited to observe the time-resolved motion of an ultrashort light pulse within an integrated optical microresonator. We follow a pulse as it completes several round trips in the resonator, directly mapping the resonator modes in space and time. Our time-dependent and phase-sensitive measurement provides direct access to the angular group and ph...

Even so-called “complete” ultrashort laser pulse-measurement techniques actually have ambiguities and so are not truly complete. In particular, the spectral-interferometry technique called scanning SEA TADPOLE measures the “complete” spatiotemporal intensity and phase of arbitrary ultrashort pulses (using a previously characterized spatially uniform reference pulse), but the difficulty of maint...

This paper deals with a novel approach to unknown inputs observer(UIO) design for linear time-invariant dynamical systems using a block pulse function's diierential operation. Generally, UIO has a derivation of system outputs which is not available from the measurement directly. And it is an obstacle to estimate the unknown inputs properly when unexpected measurement noises are presented. There...

We monitored 12 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery using a pulse oximeter (Nellcor N-200) and a transcutaneous oxygen tension monitor (TINA, Radiometer A/S) on the second or third night after operation. Of the shortest hypoxaemic episodes measured with the pulse oximeter (< or = 30 s duration), 78% also occurred in the transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement. Episodes of longer durat...

a fully integrated, ultra low-power, varying pulse width fifth-order derivative Gaussian pulse generator designed and fabricated in a commercial 0.18μm CMOS technology is reported for 3-10GHz impulse ultra wideband (UWB) transceivers. The fifth-order derivative Gaussian pulse generator circuit consists of four parallel Gaussian pulse formation blocks and an output stage. It can generate UWB pul...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether noninvasive hemoglobin measurement by Pulse CO-Oximetry could provide clinically acceptable absolute and trend accuracy in critically ill patients, compared to other invasive methods of hemoglobin assessment available at bedside and the gold standard, the laboratory analyzer. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Surgical intensive care unit of a university teachi...

BACKGROUND Intraoperative transfusion decisions generally are guided by blood loss estimation and periodic invasive hemoglobin measurement. Continuous hemoglobin measurement by pulse cooximetry (pulse hemoglobin; Rainbow® SET Pulse CO-Oximeter, Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA) has good agreement with laboratory hemoglobin in healthy volunteers and could aid transfusion decision-making. Because i...

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) enables contactless measurement of pulse-rate by detecting pulse-induced colour changes on human skin using a regular camera. Most of existing rPPG methods exploit the subject face as the Region of Interest (RoI) for pulse-rate measurement by automatic face detection. However, face detection is a suboptimal solution since (1) not all the subregions in a face c...