A variety of medical procedures is aimed to selectively compromise or destroy vascular function. Such procedures include cancer therapies, treatments of cutaneous vascular disorders, and temporary hemostasis during surgery. Currently, technologies such as lasers, cryosurgery and radio frequency coagulation, produce significant collateral damage due to the thermal nature of these interactions an...

This innovation is a lightweight, small sensor for inert gases that consumes a relatively small amount of power and provides measurements that are as accurate as conventional approaches. The sensing approach is based on generating an electrical discharge and measuring the specific gas breakdown voltage associated with each gas present in a sample. An array of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a substr...

It is well known that excitable media can sustain “fast” stable traveling pulses of excitation. In models for which analysis is tractable, the fast pulse solution is known to appear through a saddlenode bifurcation accompanied by a “slow” unstable traveling pulse. Furthermore, the uniform rest state is also a stable solution. It is generally assumed that the boundary between the basins of attra...

It is well known that excitable media can sustain “fast” stable traveling pulses of excitation. In models for which analysis is tractable, the fast pulse solution is known to appear through a saddle-node bifurcation accompanied by a “slow” unstable traveling pulse. Furthermore, the uniform rest state is also a stable solution. It is generally assumed that the boundary between the basins of attr...

Ultrashort electric pulses (USEP) cause long-lasting increase of cell membrane electrical conductance, and that a single USEP increased cell membrane electrical conductance proportionally to the absorbed dose (AD) with a threshold of about 10 mJ/g. The present study extends quantification of the membrane permeabilization effect to multiple USEP and employed a more accurate protocol that identif...

We study the generation of dark-pulse solitons in nonlinear-optical fibers in the normal dispersion regime. We demonstrate that dark solitons may be created as pairs by an arbitrary dark pulse without a threshold and obtain the parameters of the generated solitons. The cases of soliton creation by a boxlike dark pulse and a random Gaussian pulse are also described.

The effect of a non-symmetric waveform on nerve conduction block induced by high-frequency biphasic stimulation is investigated using a lumped circuit model of the unmyelinated axon based on Hodgkin-Huxley equations. The simulation results reveal that the block threshold monotonically increases with the stimulation frequency for the symmetric stimulation waveform. However, a nonmonotonic relati...

Hysteresis phenomena were demonstrated in the excitability of single, enzymatically dissociated guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Membrane potentials were recorded with patch pipettes in the whole-cell current-clamp configuration. Repetitive stimulation with depolarizing current pulses of constant cycle length and duration but varying strength led to predictable excitation (1:1) and nonexcitatio...

A series of laser joining experiments between polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and aluminium alloy (A5052) were conducted to investigate the effect of anodizing on A5052 surface on dissimilar materials used in joining. In this study, PET/A5052 joints with anodized A5052 surface exhibited greater shear strength compared to PET/A5052 joints without anodizing. The shear strength of the joints was ...

A method for optimal adaptive setting of pulse-positionmodulation pulse detection thresholds, which minimizes the total probability of error for the dynamically fading optical free space channel, is presented. The threshold’s adaptive setting, in response to varying channel conditions, results in orders of magnitude improvement in probability of error, as compared to use of a fixed threshold. T...