Human subjects performed step-tracking movements of the wrist in the radial direction. Movement amplitude, external load, and accuracy instructions were varied. We used surface electrodes to record muscle activity from an agonist, extensor carpi radialis longus, and an antagonist, extensor carpi ulnaris. When subjects performed movements “as fast as possible” that were opposed by different exte...

This paper describes state-of-the-art modulation techniques for visible-light-communications (VLCs) and proposes a new modulation technique, which is so-called generalized spatial pulse position modulation (GSPPM). Several modulation techniques, i.e., on-off-keying, pulse position modulation, pulse amplitude modulation and spatial modulation, are explained as background information for understa...

This paper sprays five hybrid pulse width modulation strategies for three level inverters in FPGA platform. The proposed hybrid-modulation strategy is an amalgamation of fundamental-frequency modulation and any carrier based pulse width modulation (SPWM) invoking the performance of the well-known carrier based PWM modulations. The main philosophy of this modulation is the reduction of switching...

This paper presents a high order modulation scheme for IR-UWB systems. For 8-ary modulation, we combine pulse position modulation (PPM), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), and pulse shape modulation (PSM), which are well-established schemes for IR-UWB. The transmitter and receiver architectures of the proposed system, we call PPASM, are provided. In addition, we propose the use of complex Shanno...

For successful visual perception by visual prosthesis using electrical stimulation, it is essential to develop an effective stimulation strategy based on understanding of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) responses to electrical stimulation. We studied RGC responses to repetitive electrical stimulation pulses to develop a stimulation strategy using stimulation pulse frequency modulation. Retinal patc...

We propose a technique for timing an XFEL to a highpower laser with femtosecond accuracy. The same electron bunch is used to produce an XFEL pulse and an ultrashort optical pulse that are, thus, naturally synchronized. Cross-correlation techniques will yield the relative jitter between the optical pulse (and, thus, the XFEL pulse) and a pulse from an external pump-laser with femtosecond resolut...

We report an improved approach to generate optical triangular-shaped pulse train using quadrupling RF modulation and fiber dispersion-induced power fading. In the proposal, quadrupling RF modulation (via a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator) is employed to generate four primary optical sidebands (±2nd and ±6th) in spectrum. Then a piece of single mode fiber is connected as the dispersive medi...

We present an improved methodology for a thermal transient method enabling simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and specific heat of nanoscale structures with one-dimensional heat flow. The temporal response of a sample to finite duration heat pulse inputs for both short (1 ns) and long (5 ls) pulses is analyzed and exploited to deduce the thermal properties. Excellent agreement has...

Dicode Pulse Position Modulation has been proposed as an alternative coding scheme which has many advantages over previous Pulse Position Modulation formats. As it is a new coding scheme, few analyses and less experimental results have been published. For the first time, the original design of an experimental Dicode Pulse Position Modulation coder and decoder and experimental results are presen...