Introduction: Biocides are commonly used for disinfection in a variety of contexts. They generally to avoid infection by controlling biofilm on medical equipment. However, the literature lacks information effect biocide efflux pump gene expression. Objective: To determine influence development and acrA ramA Methodology: The microtiter plate method was identify 80 isolates K. pneumoniae. minimal...

This paper describes the underlying software platform used to develop and publish annotations for the Quranic Arabic Corpus (QAC). The QAC (Dukes, Atwell and Habash, 2011) is a multimodal language resource that integrates deep tagging, interlinear translation, multiple speech recordings, visualization and collaborative analysis for the Classical Arabic language of the Quran. Available online at...

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have raised considerable attention due to their wide commercial applications and recent discovery of unknown persistent analogues in aqueous environment. In this work, the occurrence and distribution of alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMAC), benzylakyldimethylethylammonium (BAC) and dialkyldimethylammonium (DADMAC) homologues were investigated in fifty-two municipa...

BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics and is a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae have been isolated in many hospitals in Venezuela, but they have not been well-studied. The aim of this study was to characterize carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates f...

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC, e.g., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, (CTAB)) are widely used as surfactants and disinfectants. QAC already commonly found in wastewaters, their concentration could increase, since recommended to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. Exposure of bacteria can lead proliferation antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). In particular, O2-based membrane biofilm r...

Abstract Hypersensitivity reactions and immune dysregulation have been reported with the use of quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants (QACs). We hypothesized that QAC exposure would exacerbate autoimmunity associated systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). Surprisingly, however, we found compared to QAC-free mice, ambient lupus-prone mice QACs led smaller spleens no change in circulating aut...

This paper provides an overview of NTCIR-5 QAC3 (Question Answering Challenge 3). QAC is a series of challenges for evaluating question answering technologies in Japanese. QAC3 follows the same course as QAC based on the success of the previous two workshops, with its task limited to that corresponding to QAC2 Subtask 3 aiming at the convergence of research resources for novel subjects. This ta...

The shelf-life of fresh carcasses and produce depends on the chemical and physical properties of antimicrobials currently used for treatment. For many years the gold standard of these antimicrobials has been Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC) a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC). CPC is very effective at removing bacterial pathogens from the surface of chicken but has not been approved for other pr...

AIMS To demonstrate that the nonlinear concentration-dependent inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to EDTA can be used to successfully model and predict the potentiation of antimicrobials by EDTA. METHODS AND RESULTS A model used successfully to describe the concentration-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth caused by many antimicrobials was unable to describe the inhibition of P. aerugi...

For any q > 1, let MODq be a quantum gate that determines if the number of 1’s in the input is divisible by q. We show that for any q, t > 1, MODq is equivalent to MODt (up to constant depth). Based on the case q = 2, Moore [8] has shown that quantum analogs of AC(0), ACC[q], and ACC, denoted QAC (0) wf , QACC[2], QACC respectively, define the same class of operators, leaving q > 2 as an open q...