The inclusion of universal quanti cation and a form of implication in goals in logic programming is considered. These additions provide a logical basis for scoping but they also raise new implementation problems. When universal and existential quanti ers are permitted to appear in mixed order in goals, the devices of logic variables and uni cation that are employed in solving existential goals ...

We study the computational complexity of reciprocal sentences with quanti ed antecedents. We observe a computational dichotomy between di erent interpretations of reciprocity, and shed some light on the status of the so-called Strong Meaning Hypothesis.

We investigate properties of nite relational structures over the reals expressed by rst order sentences whose predicates are the re lations of the structure plus arbitrary polynomial inequalities and whose quanti ers can range over the whole set of reals In constraint programming terminology this corresponds to Boolean real polyno mial constraint queries on nite structures The fact that quanti ...

Three types of microbead calibrators available for quantitative fluorescence flow cytometry have been studied in parallel using a variety of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). The QIFI kit is designed for indirect immunofluorescence (IF), and both the Quantum Simply Cellular (QSC) assay and the Quanti-BRITE assay are designed for direct IF. Because of the different nature of the respective ligands,...