Strategies designed to minimize the probability of bluetongue virus (BTV) introduction to new areas should be based on a quantitative assessment of the probability of actually establishing the virus once it is introduced. The risk of introducing a new strain of bluetongue virus into a region depends on the number of viremic animals that enter and the competency of local vectors to transmit the ...

In August 2007, several horses showed pyrexia and respiratory signs while in post-arrival quarantine in Australia. Subsequent investigations diagnosed equine influenza by serology and PCR in two quarantine stations. A common origin in a shipment of horses from Japan was indicated.

in this paper, we present a binary-linear optimization model to prevent the spread of an infectious disease in a community. the model is based on the remotion of some connections in a contact network in order to separate infected nodes from the others. by using this model we nd an exact optimal solution and determine not only the minimum number of deleted links but also their exact positions. ...

BACKGROUND The transmission of infectious disease amongst the human population is a complex process which requires advanced, often individual-based, models to capture the space-time details observed in reality. METHODS An Individual Space-Time Activity-based Model (ISTAM) was applied to simulate the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical control measures including: (1) refraining from social act...

Citrus exports to foreign markets are severely limited today by fruit diseases. Some of them, like citrus canker, black spot and scab, are quarantine for the markets. For this reason, it is important to perform strict controls before fruits are exported to avoid the inclusion of citrus affected by them. Nowadays, technical decisions are based on visual diagnosis of human experts, highly depende...

A game-theoretic model was developed to analyze bargaining between the US and China in the context of linking China’s TCK phytosanitary quarantine on wheat imports from the Pacific Northwest and China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). From this model, scenarios were derived that characterize the future of US-Sino bilateral relations. A spatial world wheat trade model (PNWSHIP) ...

Wide international interest in heat treatments for maintenance of postharvest quality, disease control, and as a quarantine technology, was reflected in the range of papers presented at this BARD Workshop on Postharvest Heat Treatments. Heat treatments are currently used commercially in several countries, for example as hot water dips, hot water brushing techniques, and hot air treatments. Rese...