BACKGROUND Starting in the late 1980s, the Japanese government decreased the number of students accepted into medical school each year in order to reduce healthcare spending. The result of this policy is a serious shortage of doctors in Japan today, which has become a social problem in recent years. In an attempt to solve this problem, the Japanese government decided in 2007 to increase the med...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the consequences of accounting for variable Chl:C (chlorophyll:carbon) and C:N (carbon:nitrogen) ratios in the formulation of phytoplankton growth in biogeochemical models. We compare the qualitative behaviour of a suite of phytoplankton growth formulations with increasing complexity: 1) a Redfield formulation (constant C:N ratio) without photo-acclimation (...

Estimates of recreational fishing harvest are often unavailable until after a fishing season has ended. This lag in information complicates efforts to stay within the quota. The simplest way to monitor quota within the season is to use harvest information from the previous year. This works well when fishery conditions are stable, but is inaccurate when fishery conditions are changing. We develo...

The Atlantic bluefin tuna fishery, one of the most prized and lucrative, is increasingly threatened with collapse, according to scientists, after the regulatory body established to maintain the fishery has again recommended a quota for the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean population at a level that many scientists and conservationists believe is unsustainable. The International Commission for...

Increasing the number of women in positions of political power is top priority for women’s movements and for governments around the world. Activists, international institutions, and national governments have come to see gender quota laws as the best way to achieve this goal. In the past 15 years, more than 40 countries have adopted measures that require a certain number of those running for or ...

A linear utility model is introduced for optimal selection when several subpopulations of applicants are to be distinguished. Using this model, procedures are described for obtaining optimal cutting scores in subpopulations in quota-free as well as quota-restricted selection situations. The cutting scores are optimal in the sense that they maximize the overall expected utility of the selection ...

A successful social campaign was created from elements such a specific targeted audience, messages, developed theory of change, and use proper communicator. The formulated in the rhetoric theory: credibility, emotions, messages. were conducted called “Love Myself” by BTS, K-pop group. This study to figure out effect quality emotional approach, messages group BTS on effectiveness Myself”. uses t...