Front tyre blow-outs lead to several fatal accidents involving heavy vehicles. Common for most heavy vehicles is a positive scrub radius. This can result in a destabilising steering wheel torque at front tyre blow-out. In this study the safety improvement achieved when reducing scrub radius is quantified. By using a heavy truck equipped with a modified electric power steering system it was poss...

Safety systems in road vehicles are categorised into two main types: passive and active systems. The antilock braking system (ABS) is an active safety system in road vehicles, which senses the slip value between the tyre and the road and uses these values to determine the optimum braking force. Due to the high non-linearity of the tyre and road interaction, and uncertainties from vehicle dynami...

It has been shown recently that the shimmy motion of towed wheels can be predicted in a wide range of parameters by means of the so-called memory effect of tyres. This delay effect is related to the existence of a travelling-wave-like motion of the tyre points in contact with the ground relative to the wheel. This study shows that the dynamics within the small-scale contact patch can have an es...

It has been shown recently that the shimmy motion of towed wheels can be predicted in a wide range of parameters by means of the so-called memory effect of tyres. This delay effect is related to the existence of a travelling-wave-like motion of the tyre points in contact with the ground relative to the wheel. This study shows that the dynamics within the small-scale contact patch can have an es...

Analyses of 71 Roman provincial silver coins of the Julio-Claudian emperors (27 BC–AD 68) minted at Caesarea in Cappadocia and Antioch and Tyre in Syria are discussed in this paper. The finenesses of the alloys are presented and it is proposed that there was a logical relationship between the standards used for Caesarea and Antioch. Trace element profiles and selected lead isotope analyses help...

Tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fueled with 10%, 30%, and 50% of tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) blended with diesel fuel (DF). The TPO was derived from waste automobile tyres through vacuum pyrolysis. The combustion parameters such as heat release rate, cylinder peak pressure, and max...

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for decision-making on autonomous lane change manoeuvre in vehicles. The proposed approach defines a number of constraints, based on the vehicle’s dynamics and environmental conditions, which must be satisfied for a safe and comfortable lane change manoeuvre. Inclusion of the lateral position of other vehicles on the road and the tyre-road friction are the ...

The steering torque at the handwheel, necessary to steer a car at zero speed, is discussed. Measurements made on a tyre alone on a static rig and measurements made on a car in normal trim are complemented by a mathematical system model. The model uses parameter values deriving partly from the tyre rig results, partly from the car specification and partly from the car results. It provides simula...