The plasma shielding effect is a well-known mechanism in laser-produced plasmas (LPPs) reducing laser photon transmission to the target and, as a result, significantly reducing target heating and erosion. The shielding effect is less pronounced at low laser intensities, when low evaporation rate together with vapour/plasma expansion processes prevent establishment of a dense plasma layer above ...

Radiation shielding analysis and development for the Nuclear Cryogenic Propulsion Stage (NCPS) effort is currently in progress and preliminary results have enabled consideration for critical interfaces in the reactor and propulsion stage systems. Early analyses have highlighted a number of engineering constraints, challenges, and possible mitigating solutions. Performance constraints include pe...

The attenuating properties of several types of lead (Pb)-based and non-Pb radiation shielding materials were studied and a correlation was made of radiation attenuation, materials properties, calculated spectra and ambient dose equivalent. Utilizing the well-characterized x-ray and gamma ray beams at the National Research Council of Canada, air kerma measurements were used to compare a variety ...

When performing CT-guided procedures or angiographic procedures, radiologists performing procedures need to communicate with radiographers at a workstation behind radiation shielding glass. As shielding renders verbal communication impossible, we have developed a set of standardised hand signals for use at our department to help us achieve clear and efficient communication between radiologists ...

The neutronics and radiation shielding issues were assessed for the ARIES-RS power plant. The assessment addresses the breeding level, service lifetime, radiation damage, shielding requirements and design, and personnel protection. Major efforts were devoted to fulfil the top-level requirements which include the demonstration of a closed tritium fuel cycle, generation of no radioactive waste gr...

Interplanetary space radiation poses a serious health hazard in long-term manned space missions. Natural Martian surface materials are evaluated for their potential use as radiation shields for manned Mars missions. The modified radiation fluences behind various kinds of Martian rocks and regolith are determined by solving the Boltzmann equation using NASA Langley’s HZETRN code along with the 1...

Uncontrolled exposure to X-band frequency leads to health damage. One of the principles of radiation protection is shielding. But, conventional shielding materials have disadvantages. Therefore, studies of novel materials, as an alternative to conventional shielding materials, are required to obtain new electromagnetic shielding material. Therefore, this study investigated the electromagnetic s...

Shielding calculations for gamma stereotactic radiosurgery units are complicated by the fact that the radiation is highly anisotropic. Shielding design for these devices is unique. Although manufacturers will answer questions about the data that they provide for shielding evaluation, they will not perform calculations for customers. More than 237 such units are now installed in centers worldwid...

The shielding requirements for the protection of the crew of a manned orbital command post against the natural space radiations are investigated. Two types of orbits of military importance and of wide applicability are considered—a long-duration, high-altitude orbit above the Van Allen Belt and a short-duration, low-altitude polar orbit below it. Model environments for both orbits in terms of s...

A major attribute of the Water Walls Life Support Architecture is its potential to provide radiation shielding in addition to its air revitalization, climate control, contaminant control, and waste processing functions. This section describes the method and results of a series of preliminary particle beam tests conducted in the HIMAC Accelerator in Chiba, Japan. These tests are preliminary in t...