Jaw, blink and corneal reflexes, which all involve the trigeminal system, were recorded in 54 patients with multiple sclerosis; thirty-seven of these patients were classified as having definite multiple sclerosis and 17 as indefinite multiple sclerosis, according to Schumacher's criteria. The jaw reflex was abnormal less frequently than either of the other two reflexes, but in four cases it was...

In an attempt to assess objectively the integrity of the auditory pathways in 30 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS), an audiometric evaluation was performed and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were obtained. Stressing the auditory system by increasing the stimulation rate showed some enhancement in the identification of MS. 24 (RO%) patients had an abnormal ABR along with c...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by widespread inflammation, focal demyelination and a variable degree of axonal and neuronal loss. ionic conductances regulate t cell activation as well as neuronal function and thus have been found to play a crucial role in ms pathogenesis. since present therapeutical approaches are only parti...

multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune cns-disease characterized by inflammatory neurodegenerative events occurring with de- and remyelination. recent evidence show that demyelinated neurons are less excitable than myelinated ones while at early stages of remyelination these neurons seem to be hyperexcitable. the latter is a transitory condition that, very likely, leads to impaired neuronal networ...

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OBJECTIVE To determine whether immediate initiation of treatment at the time of a clinically isolated syndrome in patients at high risk for clinically definite multiple sclerosis alters disease course over 10 years. DESIGN Prospective follow-up study. SETTING Twenty-four Controlled High-Risk Subjects Avonex Multiple Sclerosis Prevention Study (CHAMPS) sites in the United States and Canada. ...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disabling autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system histopathologically characterized by inflammation, multifocal demyelination, axonal damage and neuronal loss. Focal intensive demyelination and white matter infiltration by lymphocytes and mononuclear cells are pathological hallmarks of the disease (Ferguson et al., 1997; Lucchinetti et al., 2000). ...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) are demyelinating inflammatory diseases, considered to have a striking pathophysiological resemblance. However, due to the differences in both clinical course and clinical approaches, it is important to differentiate between the two conditions, to plan further investigations and therapy protocols. These diseases have simila...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Movement-associated cortical changes have been detected at the earlier clinical stage multiple sclerosis. Our purpose was to assess whether different patterns of cortical recruitment are associated with the short-term evolution of definite multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We followed for 1 year a group of patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CISs) suggestive of ...

We describe five patients with previous poliomyelitis who developed multiple sclerosis (two laboratory supported definite and three clinically definite). The initial symptoms of functional deterioration developed a mean of 30 years following poliomyelitis. Initial functional deterioration was due to progressive limb weakness or impaired mobility and in three cases this led to an initial diagnos...