At high latitudes, the climate has warmed at twice the rate of the global average with most changes observed in autumn, winter and spring. Increasing winter temperatures and wide temperature fluctuations are leading to more frequent rain-on-snow events and freeze-thaw cycles causing snow compaction and formation of ice layers in the snowpack, thus creating ice encasement (IE). By decreasing the...

Significant areas of agricultural lands are subject to seasonal, relatively thin snow covers. This cover affects temperature and moisture in the soil beneath, watershed hydrology, and energy budgets. The depth of snow impacts soil freezing with implications for soil hydraulic properties and over-winter survival of certain crops. The objective of this study was to incorporate a sophisticated sno...

Precipitation is the meteorological parameter affecting people in the most direct way. Forecasting the spatial and temporal distribution of rain and snow is therefore one of the major challenges for the meteorological services. Satellite remote sensing of precipitation could help to improve these forecasts. The most direct method to retrieve precipitation from spaceborne measurements is based o...

In this short review, I will first summarize criteria by which environments can be considered "cold", with plant stature (size, height above ground) playing a central role for the climate actually experienced. Plants adapted to such environments have to cope with both extremes and with gradual influences of low temperature. The first requires freezing resistance, which is tightly coupled to dev...

in order to evaluation of genotype by environment interactions in holstein cows, iran was divided into cold, middle cold, temperate and hot climate regions. for this purpose used from 39570, 35813 and 18955 records for milk, fat and protein yields, respectively, to progeny test for 35 sires that have 50 daughters in each climate. the data were collected by the centre of breeding and improvement...

poor wheat stand establishment is a major cause of yield loss, particularly in rainfed and poorly irrigated environments. seeds of eight wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.) including irrigated and rainfed varieties, belonging to three different climates of iran (hamedan as cold, karaj as temperate and sarpolzohab as warm climates) were primed using osmoprimig treatments through use of urea ,...

Manuscript (non-LaTeX) Click here to download Manuscript (non-LaTeX): WainwrightEtal_JAMCApr2014_final.docx 2 Abstract 36 37 In this study, power-law relations are developed between the intercept parameter N 0 of 38 the exponential particle size distribution and the water content for the rain, hail, graupel and 39 snow hydrometeor categories within the Milbrandt and Yau microphysics scheme. Sim...

Turfgrass is often planted along roadsides because of its adaptability and capacity to perform a wide range functions. Like other roadside vegetation, it must withstand biotic abiotic stresses while persisting long term with minimal management inputs. In cold-weather climates, snow ice practices on roads include the use deicing salts. Deicing salts can have negative impacts infrastructure envir...

Determining surface precipitation phase is required to properly correct precipitation gage data for wind effects, to determine the hydrologic response to a precipitation event, and for hydrologic modeling when rain will be treated differently from snow. In this paper we present a comparison of several methods for determining precipitation phase using 12 years of hourly precipitation, weather an...