Here we develop a numerical model to investigate the hypothesis proposed by a companion paper [Eltahir, this issue], which describes a soil moisture–rainfall feedback mechanism. The model is designed to describe the seasonal evolution of the West African monsoon rainfall and is used to perform numerical experiments that elucidate the mechanisms of the response of rainfall to soil moisture anoma...

This study examines the spatial and temporal variability of monthly total rainfall data obtained from weather stations located in the urban areas of Kuwait. The rainfall data are analyzed by considering statistics on a seasonal basis and by means of periodogram technique to reveal the periods responsible for the variable pattern. The results demonstrate similarity implying that a point estimate...

A non-homogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) is used to make stochastic simulations of March–August daily rainfall at 10 stations over the southeastern United States, 1923–98. Station-average observed daily rainfall is prescribed as an input to the NHMM, which is then used to disaggregate the rainfall in space. These rainfall simulations are then used as inputs to a CERES crop model for maize. ...

It is now widely acknowledged that climate variability modulates the frequency of extreme hydrological events. Traditional methodologies for hydrologic frequency analysis are not devised to account for variation in the exogenous teleconnections. Flood frequency analysis is further plagued by the assumptions of stationary in the causal structure as well as ergodicity. Here, we propose a dynamica...

This paper found rainfall and runoff was in a state of chaos in Poincare section and developed a method for constructing a relationship model of rainfall-runoff based on time series analysis technology. It aimed at estimating and discussing the relationship of rainfall-runoff time series by Euclidean distance (n>2). A linear model was well built to illustrate time-correlation characteristics wi...

A nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model is proposed for relating precipitation occurrences at multiple rain gauge stations to broad-scale atmospheric circulation patterns (the so-called \downscaling problem"). We model a 15 year sequence of winter data from 30 rain stations in southwestern Australia. The rst 10 years of data are used for model development and the remaining 5 years are used for mod...

The temporal variability of rainfall and raindrop processes is examined at time scales ranging from less than 1 minute to 1 hour. Raindrop processes are represented in terms of drop arrival rate, mean diameter and coe cient of variation of drop diameter and modeled as time-varying stochastic processes. It is shown that rainfall rate and accumulated rainfall have simple and accurate representati...

Hydrological models are the simplified, conceptual and mathematical description of rainfall, runoff, oceans, rivers, groundwater, snow etc. Rainfall-runoff modeling in the broader sense a hydrological, mathematical model gives a detailed account of Rainfall-Runoff relationships of a catchment area or watershed. Conversion of rainfall into runoff takes place in the modelling. There are many meth...

The likelihood of simulated rainfall above a specified threshold being observed is evaluated as a function of the amounts predicted by two mesoscale models. Evaluations are performed for 20 warm-season mesoscale convective system events over the upper Midwest of the United States. Simulations were performed using 10-km versions of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Eta Model and ...