A class of radiosensitizers is discussed which irreversibly inhibits the repair of x-ray-induced single-strand breaks in DNA. Such agents are active when added after irradiation and potentiate x-ray-induced killing in rec + strains of E. coli K-12, but have little effect on the viability of x-irradiated recA strains which are deficient in their ability to repair x-ray-induced single-strand brea...

Base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways play an important role in modulating cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) cytotoxicity. In this article, we identified a novel mechanistic role of both BER and MMR pathways in mediating cellular responses to cisplatin treatment. Cells defective in BER or MMR display a cisplatin-resistant phenotype. Targeting both BER and MMR...

We have synthesized triple helix forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) that target a psoralen (pso) interstrand crosslink to a specific chromosomal site in mammalian cells. Mutagenesis of the targeted crosslinks results in base substitutions and deletions. Identification of the gene products involved in mutation formation is important for developing practical applications of pso-TFOs, and may be info...

Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may influence individual variation in DNA repair capacity and further influence the risk of developing cancer. However, little information is available on these polymorphisms in infertility. To investigate whether polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD), alone or in comb...

The X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) genes are involved in base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair of DNA repair pathways, respectively. A growing body of evidence suggests that XRCC1 and XPD are important in environmentally induced cancers, and polymorphisms in both genes have been identified. To determine whether the XRCC1 (c...

Tobacco smoke produces oxidative and alkylative DNA damage that necessitates repair by base excision repair coordinated by X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1). We investigated whether polymorphisms in XRCC1 alter DNA repair capacity and modify breast cancer risk associated with smoking. To show the functionality of the 280His variant, we evaluated single-strand break (SSB) repair capacity ...

The X-ray repair cross-complementing Group1 (XRCC1) gene has been defined as essential in the base excision repair (BER) and single-strand break repair processes. This gene is highly polymorphic, and the most extensively studied genetic changes are in exon 6 (Arg194Trp) and in exon 10 (Arg399Gln). These changes, in conserved protein sites, may alter the base excision repair capacity, increasing...