Providing instruction in research integrity is an obligation , not an option. Many reasons give rise to this obligation. We will mention two: First, research must be performed and reported responsibly to achieve " good science, " i.e., research that is as accurate as possible at the time it is performed. In this way, a body of information is built up that the scientific community can trust and,...

AIMS This audit provides a comprehensive overview of UK prostate brachytherapy practice in the year 2012, measured against existing standards, immediately before the introduction of new Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) guidelines. This audit allows comparison with European and North American brachytherapy practice and for the impact of the RCR 2012 guidelines to be assessed in the future. ...

Research integrity is essentially a matter of behavior. It is embodied in the actions and decisions of scientists, rather than in the standards, codes, regulations and norms that aim to shape that behavior. Misconduct and other questionable research behaviors stand in sharp contrast to research integrity. Measures intended to promote research integrity should therefore be held to a behavioral s...

In response to public concerns about the consequences of research misconduct, academic institutions have become increasingly cognizant of the need to implement comprehensive, effective training in the responsible conduct of research (RCR) for faculty, staff, students, and external collaborators. The ability to meet this imperative is challenging as universities confront declining financial reso...

IMPORTANCE Recurrent tear after rotator cuff repair (RCR) is common. Conservative, and open and arthroscopic revisions, have been advocated to treat these failures. AIM OR OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the different options for managing recurrent rotator cuff tears. EVIDENCE REVIEW A search was conducted of level I through 4 studies from January 2000 to Oct...

Oncolytic virotherapy represents an emerging field with tremendous promise for harnessing the replicative capabilities of viruses against rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Among the different replicating virus technologies being tested, replication-competent retrovirus (RCR) vectors based on murine leukemia virus (MLV) exhibit unique characteristics. MLV exhibits intrinsic tumor selectivity d...

The Tibet chicken lives in high altitude and has adapted itself well to hypoxia. The Silky chicken is a lowland chicken from Jiangxi province of China. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether there were any differences in brain mitochondrial respiratory function between Tibet chicken and Silky chicken embryos incubated in a normoxic (21% oxygen concentration) or simulated ...

The α2 adrenergic receptors which abundantly express in the CA1 region of the hippocampus play an important role in the regulation of sleep and memory retention processes. Based on the available evidence, the aim of our study was to investigate consequences of the activation and deactivation of CA1 α2 adrenergic receptors (by clonidine and yohimbine, respectively) on the impairment of memory re...

This review summarizes the molecular studies pertaining to porcine circovirus (PCV) transcription and DNA replication. The genome of PCV is circular, single-stranded DNA and contains 1759-1768 nucleotides. Both the genome-strand (packaged in the virus particle) and the complementary-strand (synthesized in the new host) encode viral proteins. Among a multitude of RNAs synthesized by alternate sp...