BACKGROUND The rapid determination of the release of structural sugars from biomass feedstocks is an important enabling technology for the development of cellulosic biofuels. An assay that is used to determine sugar release for large numbers of samples must be robust, rapid, and easy to perform, and must use modest amounts of the samples to be tested.In this work we present a laboratory-scale c...

Large-scale molecular biology technologies such as DNA microarrays and large-scale in situ hybridization (ISH) are used to gain an appreciation of global attributes in biological tissues and cells. Although many of these efforts use cDNA probes, an approach that makes use of designed oligo probes should offer improved consistency at uniform hybridization conditions and improved specificity, as ...

The main direction in increasing reactivity of aluminum (Al) particles for energetic applications is reduction in their size down to nanoscale. However, Al nanoparticles are 30-50 times more expensive than micron scale particles and possess safety and environmental issues. Here, we improved reactivity of Al micron scale particles by synthesizing pre-stressed core-shell structures. Al particles ...

reactivity (AHR), because of inherent problems with using a pharmacologic agent in epidemiologic surveys. To our knowledge, no studies exist that compare MIC with EVH in known asthmatics. We conducted a prospective, randomized, crossover trial with a group of subjects (n = 16) who met the American Thoracic Society definition of asthma with these objectives: (1) to compare the sensitivity of EVH...

Though largely influencing the efficiency of a reaction, molecular-scale details local environment reactants are experimentally inaccessible hindering an in-depth understanding catalyst's reactivity, prerequisite to maximizing its efficiency. We introduce method follow individual molecules and their changing during photochemical reaction. The is illustrated for rate-limiting step in photolytic ...

Hypertension is one of the leading diseases cardiovascular system. It manifested by changes in arterial stiffness. Cardiovascular reactivity, especially blood pressure (BP), during cold pressor test (CPT) depending on various factors. Undoubtedly, stress most important The aim study to investigate effects CPT responses healthy young subjects. 56 individuals aged between 21 and 26 years have bee...

We recently reported a cross-sectional negative relationship between cardiovascular reactivity and depressive symptoms. The present analyses examined the prospective association between reactivity and symptoms of depression 5 years later. At the earlier time point, depressive symptoms, measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and cardiovascular reactions to a standard me...

We recently reported a cross-sectional negative relationship between cardiovascular reactivity and depressive symptoms. The present analyses examined the prospective association between reactivity and symptoms of depression five years later. At the earlier time point depressive symptoms, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and cardiovascular reactions to a standard mental st...

The Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) and other reactivity scales given by Carter (2000) has been recalculated after correcting minor errors in the mechanism generation system and to add several new compounds as requested by the California Air Resources Board and others. A total of 19 types of VOCs have been added, the MIRs for 11 VOCs changed by more than 2% but less than 10%, and the MIR f...