Exchange nailing is most appropriate for a nonunion without substantial bone loss. There is no clear consensus regarding the use of exchange nailing in the presence of active, purulent infection. The exchange nail should be at least 1 mm larger in diameter than the nail being removed, and it has been recommended that it be up to 4 mm larger when the nail being removed was greatly undersized. Ca...

To the Editor: We read with interest the December 2008 article by Belthur et al. [1] entitled ‘‘Bone Graft Harvest Using a New Intramedullary System.’’ The authors’ comparison of iliac crest bone graft harvesting to intramedullary collection with the Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator (RIA) system (Synthes, Inc, West Chester, PA) is an important study comparing these two methods of bone graft harvestin...

BACKGROUND In patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, intraoperative pulmonary embolic events are rare, and most occur following tourniquet deflation. This embolization can be observed using transesophageal echocardiography. However, the authors have encountered sudden decreases in arterial oxygen partial pressure while a tourniquet is still inflated. Therefore, the current investigation w...

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common procedure that increasingly being performed in younger patients. Deep acetabular reaming will result more bone loss and the need for large components to be implanted. It can also lead impingement, loosening, an altered center of rotation, intraoperative periprosthetic fracture. The purpose this study determine whether single ream, robotic arm...

Abstract The mathematical model of thermal disintegration rocks during the reaming boreholes, which takes into account compatibility thermogas dynamic problem for a high-temperature heat transfer agent and rock heated by this agent, has been developed. is based on laws conservation mass, quantity motion energy dependences determining stresses temperature brittle fracture rocks. As result solvin...

The mandrel reaming forging is of great significance to the billeting ring ingot. Through analysis deformation steel ingot mandrel, it concluded that exists in radial, axial and tangential directions, which are similar rigid zone, active plastic zone passive upsetting theory. Numerical simulation methods used analyze verified has a an directions. At same time, reduction rate found greater impac...