Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis has been a time-honored principle in the prevention of surgical site infection. Its effectiveness has recently been questioned. Potential reasons for the lack of demonstrable efficacy and suggestions for re-examination of this concept are presented.

We introduce an algorithm that generates an optimal controller for stochastic nonlinear problems with a periodic solution, e.g. locomotion. Uniquely, the quantity we approximate is neither the Value nor Policy functions, but rather the stationary statedistribution of the optimally-controlled process. We recast the control problem as Bayesian inference over a graphical model with a ring topology...

In a recent paper Iri showed that the Iri{Imai method converges in O(nL) iterations to an optimal solution. This is achieved by proving that in each iteration the (multiplicative) barrier function is reduced by (at least) some constant factor (smaller than one). In his paper Iri adopts the 'kernel{index tensor notation with Einstein's summation convention for the coordinate indices'. This notat...

Abstract To increase the productivity and quality of machined components, wire electro-discharge machine parameters such as cutting speed, kerf width, surface roughness are often optimized. The Wire-electro discharge machining process generates a much higher temperature at wire-work piece interface which can potentially change metallurgical characteristics surface. This paper studies changes in...

The surface layer machined after electrical discharge machining (EDM) is different from it traditional methods, and studying the structure by this method will contribute significantly to selection of finishing methods. In study, SKD61 steel EDM using copper (Cu) electrode was analyzed. Technological parameters including current (Ie), pulse on time (Ton), off (Tof), voltage (Ue) were used in stu...

The electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is mostly used in conditions that complex and intricate shapes need to be machined on very hard metals. However, the leaves behind some undesirable properties such as high surface roughness, rough topography, residual tensile stresses, micro-cracks, heat-affected zone (HAZ), recast layer. This paper investigates effects of different output parame...