Environmentally friendly ammonia production is important for addressing the carbon emissions and substantial energy consumption that are currently associated with chemical industry. In recent decades, many achievements made in this area; however, low yield, poor selectivity, unsatisfactory Faradaic efficiency hinder large-scale applications. 2D, metal-free electrocatalysts stand out from other ...

We develop a model-independent reduction method of chemical reaction systems based on the stoichiometry, which determines their network topology. A subnetwork can be eliminated systematically to give reduced system with fewer degrees freedom. This removal is accompanied by rewiring network, prescribed Schur complement stoichiometric matrix. Using homology and cohomology groups characterize topo...

The commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) could provide a cleaner energy society in the near future. However, sluggish reaction kinetics and harsh conditions oxygen reduction affect durability cost PEMFCs. Most previous reports on Pt-based electrocatalyst designs have focused more improving their activity; however, with PEMFCs, has received increasing attention. In-d...