Unmanned and autonomous cargo ships may transform the maritime industry, but there are issues regarding reliability of machinery which must first be solved. This paper examines effect voyage length on with redundancy unmanned ships. The limiting effects dependent failures improvement through use is also explored. A strong relationship between probability independent in systems shown. Increased ...

This study investigated the occurrence of the redundancy effect in a normal classroom when presenting multiple formats of information with the assistance of electronic slideshows. A virtual classroom that simulates a normal classroom was developed as the experimental platform in this study. One hundred and twenty undergraduates and graduated students were randomly assigned to the following thre...

The use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is becoming more prevalent in healthcare institutions world-wide. These digital records contain a wealth of information on patients’ health in the form of Natural Language text. The electronic format of the clinical notes has evident advantages in terms of storage and shareability, but also makes it easy to duplicate information from one document to a...

-The need to transmit large amounts of data over a band-limited channel has led to the development of various data compression schemes. Many of these schemes function by attempting to remove redundancy from the data stream. An unwanted side-effect of this approach is to make the information transfer process more vulnerable to channel noise. Efforts at protecting against errors involve the reins...

The International Organization for Standardization evacuation alarm (ISO 8201: 2017) is ineffective in initiating evacuation, particularly when people are engaged pre-evacuation activities, and it not easy to conduct experiments evaluating behavior due ethical cost issues. A virtual building emergency where alarms went off while participants were performing activities was created study the effe...

this paper analyses and compares the performances of business-to-business e-commerce data quality and service quality among the use of the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ models. rosettanet’s original partner interface processes use the ‘push’ model which suffers from data redundancy when the volume of business-to-business transaction increases. however, when the ‘pull’ model is used, although it reduces dat...

OBJECTIVES The components of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump function as a tripartite efflux system conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics and the individual components can also function in conjunction with other efflux pumps. This study aimed to establish whether redundancy exists between the homologous periplasmic adaptor proteins (PAPs) AcrA and AcrE and to measure the impact of this redun...