” A N D LISTS THK EIGHT VALL~ESderived by the author in an earlier work. Gives a brief history of the evolution of human-to-human reference service and discusses its future. Relates each of the author’s eight values to the practice of human-to-human reference. Concludes with some thoughts on librail. instruction. In a hubristic act in my book Our End71ri179 IhZzieJ (Gorman, 2000), I formulated ...

Background: Maximal respiratory pressures are suitable for non –invasive evaluation of respiratory muscle function A variety of methods for subject selection and test procedures have been used for the determination of normal values and reference equations for maximal respiratory pressure (MRP). Materials and Methods: we analyzed a well-defined, healthy subgroup of 224 men and 211 women with a w...

In the recent past, many studies have been published on the association between vitamin D and bone health or the risk of various chronic diseases. Thus, the D-A-CH reference values [D-A-CH arises from the initial letters of the common country identification for the countries Germany (D), Austria (A) and Switzerland (CH)] for the intake of vitamin D have been revised based on a critical review b...

Spirometric volumes and expiratory flows were measured among 448 Senegalese males and females of 25-80 yrs of age. The values obtained are similar to those reported for black Africans and black Americans in the literature. Volumes are 15-25% lower in males and 23% lower in females than in Caucasians. Forced expiratory flow between 25-75% of vital capacity (VC), (FEF25-75) is 5-18% lower in male...

Toxicity reference values (TRVs) and predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) based on the characteristics of a top avian predator. On the basis of the protective assumptions used in this assessment, the benchmarks are protective of avian populations and were based on acute and chronic dietary exposures of northern bobwhite quail and mallard. ...

BACKGROUND The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria and Switzerland have revised the reference values for potassium intake in January 2017. METHODS For adults, the estimated value was based on the 24-h urinary potassium excretion and on preventive considerations regarding hypertension and stroke. The estimated values for children and adolescents were extrapolated from the adult estimated v...

PURPOSE To study the absolute latencies of waves I , III and V and interpeak I-III , III-V and I-V of Auditory brainstem responses obtained in preterm newborns in relation to post-conceptual age, term newborns and six months of age infants, establishing reference values ​​for each age group. METHODS Retrospective study realized through the analysis of tests performed on 80 infants divided int...

BACKGROUND The distribution of airway responsiveness in a general population of non-smokers without respiratory symptoms has not been established, limiting its use in clinical and epidemiological practice. We derived reference equations depending on individual characteristics (i.e., sex, age, baseline lung function) for relevant percentiles of the methacholine two-point dose-response slope. M...

OBJECTIVES Reference values for lung function tests differ in samples from different countries, including values for preschoolers. The main objective of this study was to derive reference values in this population. METHODS A prospective study was conducted through a questionnaire applied to 425 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years, from schools and day-care centers in a metropolitan city in B...

We investigated the reference values of the dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve (DUC) sensory nerve conduction (SNC) in 66 healthy individuals. Measurements were processed using stimulating electrodes positioned between the ulnar bone and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, 11-13 cm proximal to the active electrode recording. Superficial recording electrodes were placed on the fourth intermetacarpal spac...