BACKGROUND Cognitive models of bipolar I disorder (BD) may aid in identification of children who are especially vulnerable to chronic mood dysregulation. Information-processing biases related to memory and attention likely play a role in the development and persistence of BD among adolescents; however, these biases have not been extensively studied in youth with BD. METHODS We administered th...

While recent studies suggest children can use cross-situational information to learn words, these studies involved minimal referential ambiguity, and the cross-situational evidence overwhelmingly favored a single referent for each word. Here we asked whether 2·5-year-olds could identify a noun's referent when the scene and cross-situational evidence were more ambiguous. Children saw four trials...

OBJECTIVES To assess the relative incidence of age-related diseases in a group of centenarian offspring who have thus far been considered to be predisposed to "healthy" aging. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING Nationwide sample. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred forty centenarian offspring and 192 referent cohort subjects who met inclusion criteria of having initial and follow-up health question...

This study examined hostile intent and causal, critical self-referent attributions for ambiguous peer cues to examine the hypothesis that these latter interpretations would be uniquely associated with symptoms of depression, social anxiety, and loneliness. Critical self-referent attributions were assessed in 116 kindergarteners (Study 1) and 159 adolescents (Study 2) using a hypothetical vignet...

National Institute of Mental Health grant MH-63972, and NSF grant BCS-0446637. We would like to thank Malte Elson, Christopher Morris, and Helena Yardley for their help in collecting data. Acquiring experiential traces 2 Abstract Two experiments investigated the activation of perceptual representations of referent objects during word processing. In both experiments, participants learned to asso...

When interacting autonomous agents operate in open domains that contain novel objects, the agents may not be able to refer to the objects by using preassigned names. As an alternative, the agents might use descriptions. When agents refer to domain objects by using descriptions, referent misidentifications will occur. This paper models recovery from referent misidentifications in systems of such...

The situation which occurred in a dream provides the framework for discussing properties of the theory of viewpoints and in particular the issue of different denotations from different perspectives. We introduce the principle of "referent sharing" in communications and argue that common knowledge resulting from communication should only use constants whose referent is "manifest" to the parties ...

In everyday communication, people often point. However, a pointing act is often misinterpreted as indicating a different spatial referent position than intended by the pointer. It has been suggested that this happens because pointers put the tip of the index finger close to the line joining the eye to the referent. However, the person interpreting the pointing act extrapolates the vector define...

In their commentary on our paper (Soja, Carey, & Spelke, 1991), Landau, Jones and Smith (1992) (hereafter LJS) clarify the position taken by Landau, Smith, and Jones (1988), and briefly describe results from several subsequent papers. As they describe their research program, they are concerned with the relations between the syntactic category of a newly heard word (count noun, adjective, prepos...

Prior work has shown that listeners efficiently exploit prosodic information both in the discourse referent and in the preceding modifier to identify the referent. This study investigated whether listeners make use of prosodic information prior to the ENTIRE referential expression, i.e. the intonational realization of the adverb 'now', to identify the upcoming referent. The adverb ‘now’ can be ...