A thermal model of the infrared reflow process has been developed for an FR-4 card populated with an array of Solder Ball Connect (SBC) modules. The analysis of the threedimensional, transient, finite element model accounts for radiative exchange within the infrared oven and for the heat conduction (nonisotropic) within the modules and card. Transient temperature profiles of selected points and...

The aim of the current study was to investigate the time course of the expression of growth differentiation factor‑15 (GDF‑15) in rat ischemic myocardium with increasing durations of reperfusion, and to elucidate its physiopathological role in the no‑reflow phenomenon. Wistar rats were randomly divided into ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and sham groups, and myocardial I/R was established by ligati...

Phenomenon in Acute Myocardial Infarction Dr. Iwakura and colleagues in a recent issue of the Journal (1) conclude that, from a retrospective analysis of 146 patients, hyperglycemia might be associated with impaired microvascular function after acute myocardial infarction. The investigators describe an independent relation between elevated blood glucose levels on admission and no-reflow phenome...

The aim was to define the degree and time course of reperfusion-related expansion of no reflow. In five groups of anesthetized, open-chest rabbits (30-min coronary occlusion and different durations of reperfusion), anatomic no reflow was determined by injection of thioflavin S at the end of reperfusion and compared with regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF; radioactive microspheres) and infarct...

BACKGROUND Despite the advances in medical and interventional treatment modalities, some patients develop epicardial coronary artery reperfusion but not myocardial reperfusion after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), known as no-reflow. The goal of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracoronary epinephrine in reversing refractory no-reflow during primary PCI....

Background Patients with degenerated saphenous vein grafts (SVG) have a higher risk of developing no-reflow. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was established as no-reflow predictor in patients acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Objectives In our study, we aimed to assess the association between and after procedure short-term mortality SVG who underwent elective percutaneous intervention (PCI). Methods Our re...

BACKGROUND No-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is relatively common and has therapeutic and prognostic implications. Cigarette smoking is known as deleterious in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but the effect of smoking on no-reflow phenomenon is less investigated. The aim of t...

PURPOSE Despite successful restoration of blood flow in epicardial artery after myocardial infarction (MI), some patients do not benefit sufficiently from modern revascularisation methods due to the impairment of microcirculation, also called no-reflow phenomenon. Hyperlipidaemia is well established risk factor of coronary heart disease and its detrimental actions on vessels are widely acknowle...