Purpose This study evaluated the outcomes of surgical cystotomy for recurrent diabetic cystoid macular edema (CME). Patients and methods We analyzed 20 eyes with a clinical diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and refractory CME. Release of vitreoretinal adhesion, epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and cystotomy guided by intraoperative optical coherence tomog...

For the past several decades, tremendous efforts have been made to decrease the complications of diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy. New diagnostic modalities like ultrawide field fundus fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography has allowed more accurate diagnosis of early diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Antivascular endothelial growth facto...

Purpose Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment for inflammatory diseases almost 80 years after their first clinical use. Topical ophthalmic formulations of corticosteroids have been available to treat disease of the anterior segment of the eye, but the approval of corticosteroids to treat vitreoretinal diseases, including vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema, and uveitis, has occurr...

INTRODUCTION The pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema (DME) is complex, involving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other inflammatory mediators. DME is currently treated first-line with intravitreal anti-VEGF treatments, though some cases are refractory to multiple anti-VEGF treatments. AREAS COVERED This article examines the evolution of treatment practices for DME, with di...

PURPOSE The irreversible loss of visual acuity in macular edema is usually attributed to permanent loss of photoreceptor cells, although there is hardly any information on changes in photoreceptor function in macular edema. The purpose of this study was to assess photoreceptor function in various stages of macular edema and to relate the findings to visual acuity and angiographic changes. MET...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1% (Nevanac(®); Alcon Research Ltd) in the prevention of macular edema following cataract surgery in diabetic retinopathy patients. METHODS This was a multicenter, randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled study of 263 adult diabetic patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy requiring cataract...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different doses of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide on diffuse diabetic macular edema. METHODS In a retrospective study, 44 eyes with diffuse diabetic macular edema were treated with an intravitreal injection of 4 mg (n=12 eyes), 8 mg (n=17) or 25 mg (n=15) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA). Optical coherence tomography, best-corrected logMAR visual acuity ...

Diabetic macular edema is a serious visual complication of diabetic retinopathy. This article reviews the history of previous and current therapies, including laser therapy, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, and corticosteroids, that have been used to treat this condition. In addition, it proposes new ways to use them in combination in order to decrease treatment burden and potent...

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the influence of phacoemulsification on postoperative progression of diabetic retinopathy and incidence of diabetic macular edema in patients with diabetes and cataract. To perform a meta-analysis for this study, the computerized databases including Medline, Embase and Cochrane library were searched to identify eligible studies, in which patient...