Tissue perfusion allows for delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues, and in the kidneys is also a key determinant of glomerular filtration. Quantification of regional renal perfusion provides a potential window into renal (patho) physiology. However, non-invasive, practical, and robust methods to measure renal perfusion remain elusive, particularly in the clinic. Arterial spin labeling (ASL...

This paper reviews the concept of electronic marketplaces and, in particular, their relevance for SMEs. A specific example of a Regional Electronic Marketplace (REM) using a Community Web model is examined within this context. The authors review the underlying philosophy for the project and the planning which preceded implementation. A review of the case highlights the issues which are critical...

Phytoestrogens are polyphenolic non-steroidal plant compounds with estrogen like activity exerted through estrogen receptors. These receptors are distributed in several tissues such as male and female reproductive systems, bones, cardiovascular and central nervous systems. These natural phenolic compounds include isoflavonoids, flavonoids, lignans and stilbenes. Isoflavonoids are the most studi...

Since 2011, the region has been a profound socio-economic changes originated from n Tunisia, & spread to Middle Eastern and the former power structures affected. The management and direction to these uprisings is the key question of this paper. The key question, is the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran how answer to these Middle East public uprisings in the years 2011-2014? <...

To accommodate future growth and economic development, various autonomous developments take place simultaneously in the Netherlands. On one hand, regional economical development focuses on spatial planning, characterized by concepts such as compact cities, transportation corridors and multifunctional use of limited space, including underground infrastructure. On the other hand, developments in ...

Bioretention or rain garden is a preferable low impact development (LID) approach due to its characteristics which reflect natural water cycle processes. However, this system is still little understood and quite complicated in terms of design and implementation due to many technical considerations. Hence, this paper gives a review of the challenges and developments for the use of bioretention f...

This paper presents our new developments of Xsim, a unified regional threshold-voltage-based model for deepsubmicron MOSFETs. New features include complete reformulation with bulk reference, including transverse electric field for effective mobility resulting in source–drain symmetry, charge-based AC model fully consistent with DC without the need for C V data, and inclusion of polydepletion ef...

This paper surveys recent developments in the literature on trade facilitation, defined broadly as reform of non-tariff barriers. The paper looks at what trade facilitation is, why it matters, how to measure it, the gains from reform, and ways to implement it at the global, regional and unilateral level. JEL Classification: F13, F15.