among others internal, regional, international, political, economic, technical, social and cultural factors are reasons that theorists introduce for beginning of integration at a region. by looking at the functions of the shanghai cooperation organization and the association of southeast asian nations (asean), we understand that there are two basic pragmatic factors, the support of the great po...

when the tunisian revolution triggered the domino of the collapse arab leaders, it was not anticipated to reach to syria creating a deep conflict with local, regional and trans-regional dimensions. however, when the protests speared to syria, various players try to exploit it to their own advantage, and an all-out conflict began. due to syria's geopolitical location, regional powers such as ira...

Practical implementation of the 3Rs at national and regional levels around the world requires long-term commitment, backing, and coordinated efforts by international associations for laboratory animal medicine and science, including the International Association of Colleges of Laboratory Animal Medicine (IACLAM) and the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS). Together these...

Row-Diagonal Parity (RDP) is a new algorithm for protecting against double disk failures. It stores all data unencoded, and uses only exclusive-or operations to compute parity. RDP is provably optimal in computational complexity, both during construction and reconstruction. Like other algorithms, it is optimal in the amount of redundant information stored and accessed. RDP works within a single...

In the aftermath of World War II, one of the primary motivations for creating the institutions that eventually evolved into the European Union (EU) was to ensure a more lasting peace in Europe by connecting, or "integrating," member nations in such a way that a resurgence of strong nationalism could not again lead to war. To this end, the EU has conceptualized Europe as a “Europe of Regions” th...

At its International Centres Week in October 2000 (ICW2000), the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) adopted a new Vision and Strategy. This papert is about Plank 4 of the CGIAR’s Vision and Strategy that calls for the adoption, in collaboration with national and regional partners, of a regional approach to research planning, priority setting and implementation. Gi...

PAHO is the oldest international public health agency. It was created in 1902 as a mandate from a regional group of countries. Besides currently serving as WHO ́s Regional Office for the Americas it is the specialized health agency for the Organization of American States (OAS); thus it must render accountability at two levels. PAHO is intimately linked to the development of regional health in th...

Some of the difficulties in determining the underlying physical properties that are relevant for observed anomalies in microlensing light curves, such as the mass and separation of extrasolar planets orbiting the lens star, or the relative source-lens parallax, are already anchored in factors that limit the amount of information available from ordinary microlensing events and in the way these a...