The purpose of this study is to analyze the role capital structure (CS) on profitability for a sample consisting 27 financial firms listed Iraq Stock Exchange (ISE) period (2012-2020). Square Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares model (FMOLS), and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) were resorted estimate parameters regression model. results reveal that CS current has negative relatio...

The export of palm oil from Malaysia to China has declined since 2013, although the Malaysian Ringgit depreciated. market also struggled against Indonesian and soy in China. Hence, this study aimed identify significant factors influencing China's demand for by adopting Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis. finding revealed that currency rate exchange, foreign trade price China, inter...

This study investigates the impact of agricultural financing and output growth on employment generation in Nigeria from 1981 to 2017. The adopts framework Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model for analysis. empirical results show that while increases both short run long run, lag mainly run. Other variables found have significant effect were price labor force population, wages aggregate e...

This paper empirically investigates the causal relationship between energy prices and economic performance in South Africa by employing auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test technique for period 1994 to 2019. The empirical evidence that was reviewed used a different methodology covered periods, particularly African context. While previous studies investigated examining oil or elect...

In this study, the relationship between Borsa Istanbul 100 Index (BIST-100), Investor Risk Appetite (RISE), and macroeconomic indicators are tried to be determined using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Bounds Testing Approach (ARDL) with monthly data covering periods 01/2011-08/2022. Inflation interest rate used as indicators. statistical analysis, natural logarithm of series was taken. By taki...

Purpose: The study analyses the effects of sovereign credit ratings on financial development in South Africa. This became important considering that country has been receiving negative late.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: Quarterly data for period 1994-2017 was analysed using Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration model and its associated statistics. Error Correction Model (EC...

This study intends to examine the influence of trade openness on economic growth in Kingdom Saudi Arabia including government consumption and labor force as control variables. Using time-series yearly data from 1985 2019, applies Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration regression Toda-Yamamoto (T-Y) Granger causality check achieve objective study. The ARDL model estimation disclose...

abstract oil export revenues have a major share in both iranian government incomes and gross domestic product (gdp). with regard to the importance of agricultural sector in economic growth, rural development and rural welfare improvement, this sector indubitably influenced by temporary and unexpected shocks in oil export. therefore we employed feder(1982) and auto-regressive distributed lag (ar...