In Pakistan, updated codes covering seismic provisions for reinforced concrete bridges do not exist. The majority of the bridge design uses different versions AASTHO-LRFD provisions. Response modification factors recommended usage in these are primarily derived from conditions and United States America. This research focuses on assessment three real multi-spans simply supported Pakistan having ...

In recent years, in the Republic, design and construction of continuous reinforced concrete bridges overpasses were conducted at a colossal pace. Foreign advanced technologies, methods, software systems taken into account. experience studying rubber-metal bearing parts was analyzed. The article presents calculation overpass for seismic impacts using finite element method framework linear spectr...

This paper deals with the economic optimization of prestressed concrete precast pedestrian bridges typically used in public works construction. These bridges are made of a precast concrete beam that integrates an upper reinforced concrete slab for the pedestrian traffic. The beam has a U-shape cross-section. Typical span lengths range from 20 to 40 m and the width ranges from 3.00 to 6.00 m. Th...

Introduction In the 1970s, exterior bonded steel reinforcement was used sporadically to reinforce bridges to attain higher service load capacities. This steel post-strengthening system consisted of steel straps bonded with epoxies to the exterior of concrete beams. An alternative to the steel retrofit is woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer fabric applied in the same manner as steel. Carbon fi...