When confronted with inequality, human children and adults sacrifice personal gain to reduce the pay-offs of other individuals, exhibiting apparently spiteful motivations. By contrast, sacrifice of personal gain by non-human animals is often interpreted as frustration. Spite may thus be a uniquely human motivator. However, to date, no empirical study has demonstrated that psychological spite ac...

Research has shown that handset selectors can be used to assist telephone-based speech/speaker recognition. Most handset selectors, however, simply select the most likely handset from a set of known handsets even for speech coming from an ‘unseen’ handset. This paper proposes a divergence-based handset selector with out-of-handset (OOH) rejection capability to identify the ‘unseen’ handsets. Th...

In the present paper we propose a method for determining the best trade-o! between error rate and reject rate for a multi-expert system (MES) using the Bayesian combining rule. The method is based on the estimation of the reliability of each classi"cation act and on the evaluation of the convenience of rejecting the input sample when the reliability is under a threshold, evaluated on the basis ...

Image-reject mixers (IRMs) and single-sideband mixers (SSMs) play a key role in many of today’s microwave and rf systems [1, 2, 3]. IRMs and SSMs reduce system cost and complexity by removing the need for expensive preselection, and one or more stages of upor downconversion. IRMs simplify downconversion by employing phase-cancellation techniques to separate the downconverted products resulting ...

I argue that property dualists cannot hold that minds are physical substances. The focus of my discussion is a property dualism that takes qualia to be sui generis features of reality.

On the basis of a review of the literature and the results of three experiments with dog experts, Robbins and McKone [Robbins, R. A., & McKone, E. (2006). No face-like processing for objects-of-expertise in three behavioural tasks, Cognition] argue that there is little or no evidence supporting an expertise account of the differences in configural processing that are typically observed between ...

Many researchers see the need for reject inference in credit scoring models to come from a sample selection problem whereby a missing variable results in omitted variable bias. Alternatively, practitioners often see the problem as one of missing data where the relationship in the new model is biased because the behaviour of the omitted cases differs from that of those who make up the sample for...

When observations are incomplete or data are missing, approximate inference methods based on importance sampling are often used. Unfortunately, when the target and proposal distributions are dissimilar, the sampling procedure leads to biased estimates or requires a prohibitive number of samples. Our method approximates a multivariate target distribution by sampling from an existing, sequential ...

In this paper we make the connection between two approaches for supervised classification with a rejection option. The first approach is due to Tortorella and is based on ROC curves and the second is a generalisation of Chow s optimal rule. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

After a short overview of arguments pro and contra peer reviews, examples of gross misjudgement are compiled, followed by an attempt to identify some frequent, recurrent patterns of unjustified rejection of scientific manuscripts. A few specific questions are studied in more detail: the claim for still more precise and comprehensive definitions, the right way of handling "parallel theories", an...