There is clear evidence that the vessel wall is an aldosterone target tissue, and that aldosterone at physiological levels produces vasoconstriction by genomic and rapid nongenomic actions.1 Similarly, in clinical studies cited by Duffy et al,2 patients with primary aldosteronism show impaired flow-mediated dilatation among other indices of endothelial dysfunction;3,4 in addition, mineralocorti...

Let τ be a hereditary torsion theory on the category R-Mod of left R-modules over an associative unitary ring R. We introduce the notion of τ-natural class as a class of modules closed under τ-dense submodules, direct sums, and τ-injective hulls. We study connections between certain conditions involving τ-(quasi-)injectivity in the context of τnatural classes, generalizing results established b...

The authors extend previous results on nondifferential exposure misclassification to the situation in which multilevel exposure and covariables are both misclassified. They show that if misclassification is nondifferential and the predictive value matrices are independent of other predictor variables it is possible to recover the true relative risks as a function of the biased estimates and the...