A consideration of the data presented in an earlier paper (GRAUBARD 1932) brings out certain facts with regard to the mechanism of crossing over in chromosome I1 of Drosophila melanogaster which may have general significance. In the previous work experiments were performed to study crossing over and interference along the entire length of the normal chromosome I1 and of the same chromosome with...

Abstract Background Rice is considered as a salt-sensitive plant, particularly at early vegetative stage, and its production suffered from salinity due to expansion of salt affected land in areas under cultivation. Hence, significant increase rice productivity on salinized lands really necessary. Today genome-wide association study (GWAS) method choice for fine mapping QTLs involved plant respo...

This paper extends results concerning efficient exponentiation in groups where inversion is easy (e.g. in elliptic curve cryptography). It examines the right-to-left and left-to-right signed fractional window (RL-SFW and LR-SFW) techniques and shows that both RL-SFW and LR-SFW representations have minimal weight among all signed-digit representations with digit set {±1,±3, . . .,±m, 0}. (Fracti...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy of radiography in assessing working length to Propex II apex locator. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty single canal extracted human teeth with patent apical foramen were selected. Access cavities were prepared. Anatomic length (AL) was determined by inserting a K-file into the root canal until the file tip was just visible at...

to identify qtls controlling grain yield and yield components, an f2 population consisting of 188 plants derived from the cross between two rice pure lines, binam and kadous, were grown in research field of faculty of agricultural sciences, university of guilan, rasht, iran, in 2008, and were recorded for 9 important traits related to grain yield. to construct linkage map, 85 marker of ssrs and...

BACKGROUND Skin fibrosis is a significant medical problem that leads to a functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial impact on quality-of-life. Light-emitting diode-generated 633-nm red light (LED-RL) is part of the visible light spectrum that is not known to cause DNA damage and is considered a safe, non-invasive, inexpensive, and portable potential alternative to ultraviolet phototherapy that ma...

the length- length (llrs), length-weight (lwr) relationships and relative condition factor (kn) of 505 specimens of pike, (esox lucius linnaeus, 1798) from anzali wetland, southwest of the caspian sea, were studied from april 2012 through march 2013. the length-length relationships among total length (tl), fork length (fl) and standard length (sl) for pike were found to be highly significant (r...

Many interesting real world domains involve reinforcement learning (RL) in partially observable environments. Efficient learning in such domains is important, but existing sample complexity bounds for partially observable RL are at least exponential in the episode length. We give, to our knowledge, the first partially observable RL algorithm with a polynomial bound on the number of episodes on ...