Repellents include chemical substances, visual displays, and sonic and ultrasonic deterrent systems. The use of electric shock also can be considered as a repellent category. Each of these categories is discussed, together with their respective utilities, constraints on their usefulness, and possibilities for future development. Economic considerations that may impede or expedite the developmen...

The efficacy of repellents against Anopheles darlingi, the main malaria vector in Bolivia, was evaluated. This mosquito has a peak in biting activity early in the evening. Three natural repellents (1 eucalyptus based, 1 neem based, and 1 containing several repellent essential oils) were tested in comparison with 15% deet in human landing catches in Bolivia. The eucalyptus-based repellent contai...

The main areas of work being covered by the Work Stream are: 1. Developing testing guidelines for new VC paradigms: • The Work Stream is working closely with (External Scientific Advisory Committee) ESAC3 of IVCC and WHO on issues related to the development of new vector control interventions, including draft testing guidelines. • The Work Stream aims to develop with IVCC a similar working rela...

The ability of attractants and repellents to affect the turnover of methyl groups on the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) was examined for Bacillus subtilis. Attractants were found to cause an increase in the turnover of methyl groups esterified to the MCPs, while repellents caused a decrease. These reactions do not require CheW. However, a cheW null mutant exhibits enhanced turnover...

Between 2007 and 2013, there were 685 events with evidence of a relationship between pesticide exposure and acute illness/injury among persons less than 18 years old in North Carolina (United States). Median age of children affected was 4.3 years (range: 0.2-17.9). Distribution by gender was similar across all age groups. One fatality and four high severity events were observed. The greatest pr...

Great eff ort is expended in understanding the eff ect of malaria control interventions on the plasmodium parasite and its anopheles mosquito vector. However, no intervention will work unless it is properly used, and human behaviour is not always carefully considered during controlled trials of vector control interventions. A study in The Lancet Infectious Diseases by Vincent Sluydts and collea...