We study the entropy rate of a hidden Markov process, defined by observing the output of a symmetric channel whose input is a first order Markov process. Although this definition is very simple, obtaining the exact amount of entropy rate in calculation is an open problem. We introduce some probability matrices based on Markov chain's and channel's parameters. Then, we try to obtain an estimate ...

the mādayān ī hazār dādestān «the book of thousand judgements» only an incomplete manuscript of several legal collections of sasanian era is at hand. noinformation about the life of farroxmard vahrāmān (f son v) collector is available. in principle, it is possible that the book be written under the reign of khosrow parviz, the last king listed in the book. .this article will examine the legal t...

The present study aims at developing an aggregate financial stability index by using banking sector indices to assess financial stability and examine if the variable of credit-to-GDP gap corresponds to its long-term trend which represents the macro-prudential indicator has co-movement with the built financial stability index? To this end, monthly banking balance sheet data were collected from t...

One of the most significant discussion and challenges propounded in the macroeconomics is the effects of fluctuations of exchange rate on the macroeconomic variables (production, employment, inflation and … etc).In this direction, the important and noticeable point is the factors which lead to fluctuations in the exchange rate which, from amongst these factors as an example, is fluctuations in ...