Background: Chemicals are among risk factors that can affect women's reproductive system. This study is aimed to investigate the association of occupational exposure to a mixture of organic solvents with menstruation disturbances and hormonal changes among female workers.   Methods : Female workers of a pharmaceutical company were divided into three groups of non-exposed, low-exposed and high...

OBJECTIVES To determine semen quality and reproductive hormone levels in young Faroese men. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study of Faroese men compared with Danish men. SETTING Faroese one-centre study. PARTICIPANTS 481 men born from 1981 to 1987 and investigated from 2007 to 2010. OUTCOME MEASURES Sperm concentration, semen volume, total sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morpholo...

GonaCon is a single-shot immunocontraceptive vaccine that targets the reproductive hormone gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The GnRH peptide used in the vaccine is secreted by the hypothalamus of the brain and is specifically known as luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. This peptide stimulates the synthesis and secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone by the an...

Little is known about gonadotropins and sex steroid levels in postpubertal women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS). In order to define reproductive hormone profiles in women with CAIS and intact gonads, 42 postpubertal females with proven CAIS (age range 14-50 years) with testes in situ were examined. Reproductive hormone values [testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone-...

In primates, as in nonprimates, periods of chronic or severe undernutrition often result in a suppression of reproductive hormone secretion with an accompanying decrease in fertility (Zubiran and Gomez-Mont, 1953; Warren and Vande Wiele, 1973; Smith et al., 1975; Vigersky et al., 1977; Dubey et al., 1986). This sensitivity of the reproductive axis to severe undernutrition would be advantageous,...

The male reproductive system consists of the hypothalamus, the anterior pituitary gland, and the testes. Alcohol can interfere with the function of each of these components, thereby causing impotence, infertility, and reduced male secondary sexual characteristics. In the testes, alcohol can adversely affect the Leydig cells, which produce and secrete the hormone testosterone. Studies found that...

Seasonal cycles of reproduction are common in many mammals and these are combined with the necessary energy budgeting for thermoregulatory challenges. Many mammals meet the challenge of changing environmental temperatures in winter by using torpor, a controlled reduction in body temperature and metabolic rate. We aimed to determine the effects of photoperiod and reproductive hormones on the sea...

In the ant Ectatomma tuberculatum (Olivier 1792), workers have active ovaries and lay trophic eggs that are eaten by the queen and larvae. Vitellogenins are the main proteins found in the eggs of insects and are the source of nutrients for the embryo in the fertilized eggs and for adults in the trophic eggs. In social insects, vitellogenin titres vary between castes and affect reproductive soci...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling regulates reproductive physiology in mammals. GnRH is released by a subset of hypothalamic neurons and binds to GnRH receptor (GnRHR) on gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary gland to control production and secretion of gonadotropins that in turn regulate the activity of the gonads. Central control of reproduction is well understood in adult anim...

Endogenous reproductive hormones and oxidative stress have been independently linked to risk of chronic disease but mostly in postmenopausal women. The interplay between endogenous reproductive hormones and oxidative stress among premenopausal women, however, has yet to be clearly elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between endogenous reproductive hormones...