Polydesmida is the largest order in the class Diplopoda in terms of the number of species, genera and families, but there are few studies of the ovarian morphology of species in this order. This study aimed to perform a comparative study of the ovarian morphology of three species from this order to increase the understanding of the morphological evolution of this system in Polydesmida. Adults f...

Basic understanding of the male reproductive system is fundamental in effective evaluation and treatment of male infertility. This chapter is a concise introduction to the male reproductive anatomy and the intricately designed process of spermatogenesis along with its hormonal control.

Reproductive health has been paid more attention by international society since the concept was put forward in the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, Egypt in 1994. This paper analyzes firstly the application of geospatial information techniques, including Global Positioning System (GPS), Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS), in survei...

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are members of discrete signal transduction pathways that have significant regulatory roles in a variety of biological processes, depending on the cell, tissue and organ type. p38 MAPKs are involved in inflammation, cell growth and differentiation and cell cycle. In the female reproductive system, p38 MAPKs are known to regulate various aspects ...

The Drosophila melanogaster sex-peptide (melSP) is a seminal fluid component that induces postmating responses (PMR) of females via the sex-peptide receptor (SPR) . Although SP orthologs are found in many Drosophila species, their functions remain poorly characterized. It is unknown whether SP functions are conserved across species or rather specific to each species. Here, we developed a GFP-ta...

-The Texas Platycynorta transversalis is regarded as a junior synonym of V . sayi. Karyotypes of male and female V. sayi from central Texas reveal 2n = 78. This number is almost twice that previously reported for any other harvestman. The male reproductive system of V. sayi is described and illustrated. Natural history data are provided for egg laying and developmental times. The supercooling p...

BACKGROUND After mating, Drosophila females undergo a remarkable phenotypic switch resulting in decreased sexual receptivity and increased egg laying. Transfer of male sex peptide (SP) during copulation mediates these postmating responses via sensory neurons that coexpress the sex-determination gene fruitless (fru) and the proprioceptive neuronal marker pickpocket (ppk) in the female reproducti...