Figure 1A shows an RC (resistor, capacitor) equivalent circuit model for a patch of passive neural membrane. The capacitor represents the fact that cellular membranes are good electrical insulators. The battery represents the sodium-potassium pump that acts to hold the electrical potential of the inside of the cell below that of the outside. This voltage difference is called the resting potenti...

A new topology is proposed to achieve a center-spreading SSCG. It employs a new spread filter, consisting of two capacitors and a resistor. The modulated triangular waveform is formed at the center of the control voltage coming from the segregated PLL. A definite advantage is that the spreading behavior does not affect the bandwidth of the PLL. Moreover, the modulation filter consumes smaller c...

We report on direct experimental evidence of shot noise in a linear macroscopic resistor. The origin of the shot noise comes from the fluctuation of the total number of charge carriers inside the resistor associated with their diffusive motion under the condition that the dielectric relaxation time becomes longer than the dynamic transit time. The present results show that neither potential bar...

• The on-chip op amp of the PIC16F785 is used to amplify the voltage across the current sensing resistor. This allows a much smaller sensing resistor to be used and reduces power dissipation. • The PIC16HV785 device can be used, which eliminates the requirement for an external 5V regulator when operating from higher supply voltages. • This application has unused analog resources which could be ...

A new circuit for realization of universal current-mode filter using current Follower Transconductance Amplifiers (CFTAs) is presented. The proposed circuit realizes current-mode low pass, high pass and band pass filter functions simultaneously with a single current source at the input. The band reject and all pass filters can also be obtained from the proposed circuit without any extra hardwar...

In this letter, we utilize an electrical analysis method to develop a TaN thin film resistor with a stricter spec and near-zero temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) for car-used electronic applications. Simultaneously, we also propose a physical mechanism mode to explain the origin of near-zero TCR for the TaN thin film resistor (TFR). Through current fitting, the carrier conduction mech...

This paper presents a new simple configuration to realize the voltage-controlled floating resistor, which is suitable for integrated circuit implementation. The proposed resistor is composed of three main components: MOS transistor operating in the non-saturation region, DDCC, and MOS voltage divider. The MOS transistor operating in the non-saturation region is used to configure a floating line...

The contribution is concerned on structural properties and general features of the new ideal circuit element, a memristor. By definition, a memristor relates the charge q and the magnetic flux φ in a circuit, and complements a resistor R, a capacitor C, and an inductor L as an ingredient of ideal electrical circuits. The definition of the memristor is based solely on fundamental circuit variabl...

Synchronization phenomena in complex systems are important to describe various higher-dimensional nonlinear phenomena in the field of natural science. Studies on synchronization phenomena of coupled oscillators are extensively carried out in various fields; physics, biology, engineering and so on [1][4]. Because many researchers suggest that synchronization phenomena of coupled oscillators have...

D id you ever notice how complicated your life is becoming? Back in the good o ld days, resistors with a 20% tolerance rating were basic in all electronic circuitry. Through the years w e have "progressed" through the 20% to 10% to 5% to 1 % tolerance resistors. Granted there are many circuits where the 20% resistors are still used quite extensively, but as we strive for higher precision, lower...