Understanding information coding is important for resolving the functions of visual neural circuits. The motion vision system is a classic model for studying information coding as it contains a concise and complete information-processing circuit. In Drosophila, the axon terminals of motion-detection neurons (T4 and T5) project to the lobula plate, which comprises four regions that respond to th...

We have developed a three level implicit method for solution of the Helmholtz equation. Using the cubic spline in space and finite difference in time directions. The approach has been modied to drive Numerov type nite difference method. The method yield the tri-diagonal linear system of algebraic equations which can be solved by using a tri-diagonal solver. Stability and error estimation of the...

Finding the best weights of the state variables and the control variables in the objective function of a linear-quadratic control problem is considered. The weights of these variables are considered as two diagonal matrices with appropriate size and so the objective function of the control problem becomes a function of the diagonal elements of these matrices. The optimization problem which is d...

How can one justify the secession of a territory from a liberal-democratic state of the kind currently prevalent in North America and Western Europe? The question does not primarily concern a mutually agreed secession, such as that of Norway from the United Kingdoms of Norway and Sweden in 1905. If the government and legislature of the ‘parent state’ freely agree to a secession of a part of its...

In this article, we consider the matrix equation $AXB=C$, where A, B, C are given matrices and give new necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the diagonal solutions and monomial solutions to this equation. We also present a general form of such solutions. Moreover, we consider the least squares problem $min_X |C-AXB |_F$ where $X$ is a diagonal or monomial matrix. The explici...