New protocols or protocol extensions are best designed with due consideration of the functionality needed to operate and manage the protocols. Retrofitting operations and management is sub-optimal. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to authors and reviewers of documents that define new protocols or protocol extensions regarding aspects of operations and management that should b...

3. Unless otherwise indicated, the reduction measures listed are considered, on the basis of operational experience of several years in most cases, to be the most well-established and economically feasible best available technologies. However, the continuously expanding experience of low-emission measures and technologies at new plants as well as of the retrofitting of existing plants will nece...

Seismic rehabilitation provides existing buildings with more resistance to seismic activity, ground motion, or geotechnical failure due to earthquakes. Performance-based rehabilitation is a general concept through which the retrofitting criteria are defined regarding to performance objectives when the structural and nonstructural members are subject to different levels of earthquake hazards. In...

R502 is due to be banned in the near future, and ti)e need for an immediately available and easy-to-use alternative is becoming more and more urgent. Retrofitting refrigerating units can prove easier and less expensive if the mineral or alkylbenzene lubricants usually adopted with R502 have a certain miscibility in the drop-in mixtures. This paper examines the near-azeotropic mixture Rl43a/290/...

We study whether providing information about the consequences of residential energy retrofitting encourages public housing tenants to agree with retrofitting, and how this differs by type offered. run a choice experiment in which select between packages that differ on renewable technology used, bill savings, corresponding rent increase CO2 reduction. Two subsamples participants get additional f...

Rising energy costs have spawned renewed interest in improving methodologies for the synthesis, design and/or retrofitting of separation rocesses. It is well known that energy use in many process industries is dominated by separation tasks—particularly distillation. In this work, the hortest stripping line approach recently proposed by Lucia, Amale, & Taylor (2006) is used to find minimum energ...

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Natural hazards threaten everybody living in vulnerable areas. With the increasing concentration of people, infrastructure and facilities in them, urban areas are becoming particularly vulnerable to hazards (Pelling 2003, Perrow 2007). Hazards become disasters when they impact on human beings and their artefacts. The people and institutions involved include, amongst others, those participating ...