Background Psychiatric advance directives (PADs) provide a legal means for competent individuals to refuse or consent to future mental health treatment during periods of decisional incapacity. Previous studies have shown high potential demand for PADs but low rates of completion in the United States, despite new laws authorizing PADs in over 20 states. This paper reports the results of the firs...

Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) are a group of immune system disorders, associated with decreased levels of secretory and protective immunoglobulins. Because of the important role of immunoglobulins in the protection of oral cavity, patients with PADs are more susceptible to dental caries or oral manifestations. This study was performed to investigate the oral and dental manifestations of P...

BACKGROUND Retromolar trigone squamous cell carcinoma is relatively uncommon and due to its complex anatomy has always remained a challenge in terms of loco-regional control and survival. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy as combined modalities have been used but high recurrence rates result in poor outcome. METHODS We have retrospectively evaluated records of 62 patients treated in Hea...

PURPOSE The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term success of horizontal alveolar crest augmentation of the retromolar region of the mandible with particulated bone, as well as factors affecting subsequent peri-implant bone loss. METHODS A total of 109 patients (68 female, 41 male) suffering from alveolar ridge deficiencies of the maxilla and mandible were included in this study. Al...

OBJECTIVES The clinical significance of the existence of a retromolar canal and of its neurovascular content is not yet clear.The aim of the present study was to assess the visibility, diameter and course of the mandibular retromolar canal (MRC) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan--had been taken for pre-operative radiographic evaluation of impacted mandibular third molars--compared...

This research was conducted to replicate and expanded the work of Bodfish et al. [Bodfish, J. W., Harper, V. N., Deacon, J. R., & Symons, F. J. (2001, May). Identifying and measuring pain in persons with developmental disabilities: A manual for the Pain and Discomfort Scale (PADS). Western Carolina Center Research Reports] by assessing the functional sensitivity of the Pain and Discomfort Scale...

To save layout area for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design in the SOC era, test chip with large size NMOS devices placed under bond pads has been fabricated in 0.35-μm one-poly-four-metal (1P4M) 3.3V CMOS process for verification. The bond pads had been drawn with different layout patterns on the inter-layer metals to investigate the effect of bonding stress on the active devices u...